【第268期】
客家文化无疑是中国一大重要文化，客家人的祖先起源于中国东北部地区，逐步移居到南部并从此定居下来，距今已有几个世纪了。而他们一直都保持着迁移的传统，如今有多达4千万客家人定居海外。河源市是最重要的客家城市之一，2008年河源市政府决定在市内推广一个中央公园的建设计划，而计划的其中一项战略性举措就是建造一个公园内的市民图书馆而且政府认为这个市民图书馆应该充分代表“客家的文化”。
Hakka without question is one of the largest cultural groups within China whose well preserved traditions and culture are alive and well. Originating from central and northern parts of China, the Hakka ancestors migrated to southern China where they have been settled for centuries. Their tradition of migration remains and there are now more than 40 million Hakka people who reside overseas.The mayor of He-Yuan, one of the most important permanent Hakka cities, spearheaded an effort to designate a central park within the city. One of the strategic projects would be the main civic library located within the park. The library in the mayor’s mind should be the very incarnation of Hakka culture. The library is designed to be locating at the center of the park, overlooking the entire artificial lake from a small mountain. This location is ideal from a ‘Feng-Sui’ point of view: the major façade will be facing a large open waterscape with small mountains ‘backing’ the building.
▼鸟瞰图，aerial view
为了寻找设计灵感，我们对客家建筑传统进行了考察研究，发现客家建筑文化是内向的，最典型的客家建筑往往具备防御性。常见的三种客家建筑类型分别是“土楼”、“围拢屋”和“五凤楼”。其中“五凤楼”被认为是最早建成的客家建筑类型。“五凤楼”的设计理念是一组由五个相互相连的房子组成的家庭院落，五间房子分别代表中国传统文化中的五行（金，木，水，火，土）。而五间房子的关系则像是古人所说的“五凤齐飞”那样形成各级高差。
With the intention of seeking inspiration for the architectural design, we conducted research of Hakka Architectural tradition. We found that Hakka architecture is rooted in an introverted perspective. The classic Hakka house was considered a defense system against possible intruders. Three typologies are usually seen which are ‘Yuan-Lou’, ‘Wei-Long-Wu’, and ‘Wu-Feng-Lou’ amongst which ‘Wu-Feng-Lou’ has been considered the earliest type developed by the Hakka ancestors. In Chinese ‘Wu’means ‘five’ while ‘Feng’ and ‘Lou’ mean ‘phoenix’ and ‘building complex’ respectively.In describing the typology of ‘Wu-Feng-Lou’ it is a large family house consists of 5 interconnected houses representing the 5 elements in ancient Chinese culture (gold, wood, water, fire and earth). In tradition, the 5 houses are designed in a way which they look like ascending from the ground floor that from the ancients’ viewpoint they resemble 5 flying phoenixes.
▼五凤楼结构图，Wu-Feng-Lou
▼远眺建筑，view from distance
五凤楼具有客家建筑之源的地位，同时富含象征意义，因此成为我们设计灵感的最主要来源，图书馆的建筑设计以客家五凤楼为原型，结合场地地形，并与周边环境高度融合，采用现代的设计手法重新诠释客家建筑文化，建筑在功能布局上也充分考虑到人性化，五个功能建筑体顺应倾斜的地势布局，既与传统建筑布局相呼应，又可俯瞰美丽的湖景。
客家建筑选址非常讲究，讲求与自然山水的契合，往往坐北朝南，背山面水。河源图书馆建筑遵照这一原则，选址于河源客家文化公园之中，建筑大环境极其优越，背山面湖，视野开阔，环境优美宁静。五凤楼的平面布局与客家建筑典型的门堂屋一致，不同的是两侧的横屋随厅堂从前往后步步升高，全宅屋宇参差有致层层跌落，图书馆建筑延续了这一特点，总体呈台地式布局，开放的内庭院和廊道将单一的体量切开，形成了错落的层次并与南北两侧的外部空间完全连通，使图书馆巨大的建筑体量得到溶解，层进式的空间特点使得图书馆犹如镶嵌在山体之中,体现了典型的客家建筑风水文化。
As the origin of Hakka architecture, rich in symbolism, and a building typology that goes well with the plan of a library, the Wu-Feng-Lou became our most important source of inspiration. Echoing the traditional form, the library was designed as five functional entities which develop a strong connection with the sloping landform and the waterscape.
▼建筑概念推演，evolution of concept
▼图书馆外观，exterior view
在立面的设计上，我们从客家传统土楼的建筑造型中提炼出关键的元素：大门洞小窗孔，厚实墙，希望通过现代手法的诠释在保留客家特色基础上加入创意。例如，厚墙体的设计不仅体现出传统客家建筑具备防御功能的特点，也人性化地考虑到广东地方气候的问题，热天可防酷暑，冬天可阻寒风，使馆内形成夏凉冬暖的小气候；外立面采用白色作为主色调，采用通过实践验证的具有自然肌理的装饰混凝土挂板作为外立面主要材料，并抽象于客家建筑的大面积的厚实墙和小窗洞作为建筑立面的语汇，使建筑现代简约的表皮下，有一个传统内涵深厚的内在建筑在形式上、色调上和外墙质感上等，均能实现对当地客家建筑精神的传承。
For the elevation design of the Heyuan Library, we have extracted key elements from the traditional Hakka architecture; elements such as small window openings, oversized wall openings, and thick solid walls are all translated using contemporary methods in order to preserve the traditional aspects of the architecture while at the same time adding a splash of creativity. For example, the design of the thick solid wall not only can express traditional Hakka architecture truthfully, but it can also shield the building from summer heat and winter cold. Under its contemporary outer skin, the design of the Heyuan Library is able to transform itself into a culturally rich innate building that is able to inherit the soul of Hakka culture. This is accomplished by incorporating white as its main color scheme, the addition of concrete deco boards that are naturally textured, and the abstract use of small window openings on the thick solid walls as its elevation design language.
▼立面的设计从客家传统土楼的建筑造型中提炼关键元素，extracted key elements from the traditional Hakka architecture for the elevation design
▼大面积的厚实墙和小窗洞作为建筑立面的语汇，the abstract use of small window openings on the thick solid walls as its elevation design language
▼通过现代手法的诠释在保留客家特色基础上加入创意，using contemporary methods in order to preserve the traditional aspects of the architecture while at the same time adding a splash of creativity
▼庭院俯视图，top view of the courtyard
内庭院窗户的设置，与外立面的厚实墙体有所不同，我们选用河源客家人挚爱的竹作为主要材料，外饰竹格栅，内层用透明玻璃窗。既能保证图书馆内部光线充足又有一定遮荫效果。 “宁可食无肉 ,不可居无竹”。短短十个字充分表达了客家人对竹的偏爱，内院的青竹与竹窗相呼应，完美契合整个图书馆语境。
In contrast to the solid, fortress like external elevations, the internal elevations which face the inner courtyard are open and allow for the inflow of natural light. We chose a mixture of clear glass and shade panels for the windows. There is an old Hakka saying, which translates to “better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo”. This saying expresses the Hakka people’s preference for bamboo. This inspired us to choose treated bamboo for the shade panels. We are very pleased with the overall effect of the bamboo shades – they are an authentic, traditional material but they have been used to create a modern aesthetic.
▼内庭院窗户选用河源客家人挚爱的竹作为主要材料，choose treated bamboo for the shade panels
▼内庭，inner-courtyard
▼内庭仰视，upward view
▼外饰竹格栅，内层用透明玻璃窗，chose a mixture of clear glass and shade panels for the windows
图书馆整体环境得天独厚，外部整体上由南往北形成层层抬升的台地式景观，入口广场的设置，使得进出图书馆的视觉景观通透舒畅，也为游客和读者提供了大面积的亲水休闲空间。中庭花园的构筑，既能更好地满足山地建筑消防的需求，又能增加建筑的通风采光，使图书馆有更为舒适的内部使用空间。同时屋顶花园的营造，为顶层建筑空间提供了舒适的室外活动场所，形成了大面积绿色屋顶，对整个建筑能起到较好的降温隔热作用，更加绿色环保。
The overall surrounding of the library is truly exceptional; the general form of the architecture is stacked together from south to north to create a platform landscape. While the design of the entrance plaza is visually pleasing and provides the visitors a generous amount of relaxation space close by the water, the creation of a central garden not only satisfies the local fire prevention regulation, but also enhances the architecture’s ability to naturally ventilate and light itself, allowing the library to become a more comfortable environment. Also, the addition of the roof garden creates a natural barrier against summer heat, and this large green space allows the library to become even more sustainable than it already is.
▼外部整体上由南往北形成层层抬升的台地式景观，the general form of the architecture is stacked together from south to north to create a platform landscape
▼大厅，lobby
建成后的新图书馆不仅是河源客家文化公园的的标志性建筑, 更能为公众提供一处不可多得位于城央公园的文化场所，让读者在文化与自然之间、学识与乐趣之中流连忘返。
The Heyuan Library is not only a key feature of the Heyuan Cultural Park but also a place to immerse yourself in culture, literature, knowledge and nature.
▼总平面图，master plan
▼立面图，elevation
▼剖面图，section
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