英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型分析
句 子 成 分 分 析
主语(Subject)
1. Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.
2. He works very hard at school.
3. To go to a good university is his first goal.
4. Doing morning exercise is good for your health.
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名词
代词
不定式
动名词
谓语(Predicate)，只有动词才可作谓语。
1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading
this book.
3. He can speak English.
4. She seems tired.
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宾语(object)，位于vt后或介词后。
1. She is doing her homework now.
2. We love watching football games.
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英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语?
1. We often help him.
2. He likes to play basketball.
3. We enjoy listening to the music.
4. She said that he felt sick.
5. They are talking about the new student.
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代词
不定式
动名词
宾语从句
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介词宾语
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
1. They elected John monitor.
2. We call him Iron Ox.
3. The doctor told me to do more
exercise.
4. They made her happy.
5. He is going to have his hair cut.
6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.
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连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
1. I am a teacher.
2. They are on the playground.
3. My job is teaching English.
4. It gets cold.
5. It sounds interesting.
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常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become,
turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词
sound, look, smell等。
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定语是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词。
1. The black bike is mine.
2. She is a chemistry teacher.
3. The man in blue is my brother.
4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.
5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
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形容词
介短
现在分词短语
定语从句
名词
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1. The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
2. We didn’t meet anybody new at the meeting.
3. He is a man suitable for the job.
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单个词作定语一般位于所修饰词前面，
短语或从句作定语位于被修饰词后面。
形容词修饰不定代词要后置。
状语：修饰动词、形容词、句子等。
1. We often help him.
2. I really don’t like the food.
3. He did his homework carefully
at home.
4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.
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时间状语从句
1. 小桃一回到家就睡觉了。
Xiao Tao went to bed as soon as she came home.
2. 我吃完饭就去。
I’ll go when I have had my dinner.
英语五种基本句型： 基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖi （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖt Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖt ｏ Ｏ
（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖt Ｏ Ｃ
（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一 主谓 （S + Vi）
S + Vi
She cooks at home.
He is working hard.
What he said does not matter.
The pen writes smoothly.
该句型的vi后不可以带宾语，但是可以带状语。
基本句型一 主谓
基本句型二 主系表
S+V+P
He is happy.
Everything looks nice.
His face turned red.
基本句型二 主系表
基本句型三 主谓宾
S+Vt+O
We study English every day.
They are playing football.
He enjoys reading.
She said “Good morning.”
基本句型三 主谓宾
基本句型四: 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
S Vt（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）
I give him a book.
My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
I showed him my picture.
基本句型四: 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
基本句型五： 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
S+Vt（及物）+O (宾语)+C（宾补）
We must keep the door open.
The news makes me happy.
We call him Jim.
He told me to wash the plates.
I saw a thief going into your room.
基本句型五：主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
说出下列句子的语法成分。
1. Please close the window before you leave your home.
2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.
3. We must keep the window open.
4. I forgot to mend my watch.
5. They are watching TV now.
6. I would like a bottle of water.
7. He often waters the flowers.
8. The beautiful girl will go to Nanjing on a fast train.
9. His brother swims fast.
10. Let me have a swim.
11. Strange things happened in the countryside of Yangxi.
很好！都掌握了！
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