【英语】定语从句大看点

定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。

 

一、关系代词用that，which引导的定语从句

1.通常只用that的情况

当先行词为all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, everything, none等时；或者当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和 all, any,  few, little, no,  the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时，定语从句的关系代词要用that；如果定语从句修饰两个先行词，其中一个指人，一个指物，那么定语从句的关系代词也应用that。

2.通常只用which的情况

当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或指代前面整个句子的内容,或放在介词后面指物时，只能用which。

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 

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二、who，whom，whose引导的定语从句

1.如果先行词是指人的不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all等，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。

2.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人且作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。

3.在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose，表示物时相当于"the + 名词 + of + which"或"of + which + the + 名词"；表示人时相当于"the + 名词 + of + whom"或"of +whom + the + 名词"。

I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.

The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

 

三、where，when，why引导的定语从句

where，when，why的意义相当于"介词+ which"。具体而言，where 相当于 "in / at + which"，when相当于"at / in / during + which"，why相当于"for + which"。 

1.关系副词 where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。

2.关系副词 when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。

3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。

The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

 

 

四、"介词+关系代词"结构的用法

当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了"介词+关系代词"的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用"介词+ which"， 指人时用 "介词 + whom"，且关系代词不能省略。

I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.



五、the way后面的定语从句的引导词

the way 作先行词且其后定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时引导词用in which,that或者省略。

He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of importance to science. [JP]本句中的I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。辨别含有插入语的定语从句正确的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句的结构仍然完整。常见的插入语有： I think（suppose, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell  the truth等。

速判关系代词与关系副词

做题的关键是把先行词放到从句中，看它在从句中所作的成分。  

1.把先行词放到从句中后,如果不需要再添词从句就是完整的，那先行词就在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语（表所属关系），此时应选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose)。

2.把先行词放到从句中后,如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词（where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语）。