今天开始，小简老师要带大家进行中考英语一轮复习了，准备好了吗？今天我们先来复习初中阶段也是中考中最重要的语法内容—八大时态的结构和用法！
一. 一般现在时
1. 谓语动词结构
is/am/are；do/does
2. 用法
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例： every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
我每天早上七点钟离开家去学校。
He watches TV once a week .
他每周看一次电视。
② 表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
上海位于中国东部。
③ 格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
注意：用法②和③如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.
哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
④表示现在时刻的状态、个性或爱好。
Xiaoming writes good English but does not speak well.
小明英语写作很好，但说得不好。
二. 一般过去时
1. 谓语动词结构
was/were；did
2. 用法
①在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)，last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now,等。
Where did you go just now?
你刚才去哪儿了？
②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.小时候，我经常在街上踢足球。
used to do：过去常常做某事。
③固定句型
It is time for sb. to do sth '到……时间了' '该……了'
It is time sb. did sth. '时间已迟了' '早该……了'
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
注意：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间。)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
三. 现在进行时
1. 谓语动词结构
is/am/are doing
2. 用法
①表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
我们正在等你。
②表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
格林先生正在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
③瞬时动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。
We are arriving at London.
我们快到伦敦了。
④持续动词的进行时需要加表示将来的时间状语或有将来的语境时才能表将来。
I am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
⑤与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
你总是改变主意。
四. 过去进行时
1. 谓语动词结构
was/were doing
2. 用法
①过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。
例如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午；at nine 在九点；last night 昨晚；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候
但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。
What were you doing at nine last night?
昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？
I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.
我昨天下午正在家里看电视。
They were playing football at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。
②过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。
From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .
从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
They were building a bridge last winter .
去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。
③过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。
Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.
上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。
She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.
她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。
④过去进行时与频度副词always forever， continually， constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。
My sister was always forgetting things.
我姐姐总是忘记事情。(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。(表示赞扬)
五. 一般将来时
1. 谓语动词结构
will do
is/am/are doing
2. 用法
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
时间状语：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……
①will do
表示主观意愿做某事。
I will see a movie this morning.
今天晚上我要去看电影。
表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。
Fish will die without water.
鱼离开水会死。
表示临时决定。
——Mom, where is the newspaper?妈妈，报纸在哪里？
——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.等一下，我拿给你。
②is/am/are going to +do
表示计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month.
这部剧下个月将被制作。
表示有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.
看乌云。将会有暴风雨。
六. 过去将来时
1. 谓语动词结构
would do
was/were going to do
2. 用法
立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说第二天会去北京。
I didn't know if she was going to come.
我不知道她是否会来。
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。
王蕾说她下周六要去看望她的叔叔。
七. 现在完成时
1. 谓语动词结构
have/has done
2. 用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before
I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。)
②表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。
标志词：for, since, since…ago
I have studied English for six years.
我已经学了六年英语了。
(六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)
③have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在某地，常与一段时间连用
如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前去过沈阳。
He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。
Has he gone to Shenyang?
他去沈阳了吗?
注意：非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。
能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。
arrive, come → be here,
die → be dead
finish, end → be over
go out → be out
join → be in
borrow→keep
finish/end →be over
close →be closed
leave, move → be away
fall asleep → be asleep
八. 过去完成时
1. 谓语动词结构
had done
2. 用法
用于过去完成时的时间状语有：before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
他说他之前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
爱迪生十二岁时，已经开始自己谋生了。
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆到达聚会时，大多数客人已经走了。
①以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.我们刚到车站，火车就开走了。
②在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
她说她从来没去过巴黎。
练习
( )1. There _______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
( )2. --- Who sings best in your class?
--- Jenny _______.
A. do
B. did
C. does
D. has done
( )3. --- _____ the young girl _____ the old man clean his room every day?
--- Yes, she does.
A. Does; help
B. Has; helped
C. Did; help
D. Do; helps
( )4. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad?
--- You can when you _______ a bit older.
A. will get
B. get
C. are getting
D. got
( )5. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?
--- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _______ TV.
A. does; watches
B. is doing; watched
C. does; watched
D. is doing; was watching
( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. was moving
B. moved
C. has moved
D. moves
( )7. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study
B. studies
C. will study
D. studied
( )8. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come
B. came
C. comes
D. is coming
( )9. --- Do you like this silk dress?
--- Yes, I do. It _______ so soft and comfortable.
A. is feeling
B. feels
C. has felt
D. is felt
( )10. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.
A. don’t; are
B. didn’t; are
C. didn’t; were
D. don’t; were
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