1. 句子结构
疑问句通常包含一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句四种形式。其中,反意疑问句的时态与人称比较复杂,在中考中也容易设置陷阱,今天我们就来总结一下反意疑问句。
1. 句子结构
陈述句+附加疑问部分
其中,附加疑问部分:be动词/助动词/情态动词+陈述句主语对应的代词
2. 语法原则
“前肯后否,前否后肯”(人称和时态前后保持一致)
如:
3. 九大常考特殊用法
(1)当陈述句中出现no, nobody, never, none, neither等表否定含义的词时,附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如:
◆ There is no rice in the bowl, is there?
(2)当陈述句中出现few, little, hardly, seldom等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如:
◆ There is little rice in the bowl, is there?
(3)当陈述句是There be句型的时候,附加疑问句仍然用“there”。如:
◆ There is a cat in the tree, isn't there?
(4)当陈述句为“I'm”句型时,附加疑问部分用“aren't I”。如:
◆ I am your teacher now, aren't I?
(5)肯定祈使句的附加疑问部分用“will you”或“won't you”;否定祈使句的附加疑问部分只用“will you”。如:
◆ Open the window, will you/won't you?
◆ Don't go out, will you?
(6)以Let's开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用“shall we”;以Let us/sb.开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用“will you”。如:
◆ Let's go and play basketball, shall we?
◆ Let us have a rest, will you?
(7)当陈述句的主语是everything, something, anything, nothing表物的不定代词时,附加疑问部分主语用“it”。如:
◆ Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?
(8)当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody表人的不定代词时,附加疑问部分主语用“they”。如:
◆ Everybody knows it, don't they?
(9)当陈述句中含“I think/believe/suppose/...”等结构时,附加疑问句须与从句的主、谓保持一致。(注:主句的主语必须是第一人称)。
◆ I don't think he will come, will he?
4. 反意疑问句的问答
对反意疑问句的回答,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。如:
—You're not good at biology, are you?
—Yes, I am.
—Tim didn't go to school yesterday, did he?
—Yes, he did, though he caught a cold.
注意:陈述句部分是否定结构、附加疑问部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语意思正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
5. 解题步骤
(1)找动词
① 如果句中有助动词、情态动词、be动词,附加疑问部分也相应的用助动词、情态动词、be动词。如:
◆ He is a student, isn't he?
② 如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、be动词,只有实义动词时,就要借助助动词。如:
◆ She often gets up at 6:30 every morning, doesn't she?
(2)判断附加疑问部分是肯定还是否定,采用“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。如:
The students have planted many trees, haven't they?
(3)附加疑问句部分主语要用人称代词主格。如:
The boy can't swim, can he?
(内容由万唯教育原创编辑)
★ 本期思考环节:
(1)反意疑问句的语法原则你还记得吗?
(2)反意疑问句的问答部分究竟是肯定还是否定,是考试中经常会出现的陷阱题,你弄懂了吗?
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