A Novel miR167a-OsARF6-OsAUX3 Module Regulates Grain Length and Weight in Rice10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.023
籽粒大小是影响水稻产量的重要因素之一，它与水稻粒重有关。迄今为止，已经分离出几个调节粒度的水稻基因，然而，GW (水稻粒重)控制的调节机制还没有完全弄清楚。在重组自交系9311和日本自交系(NPB)中分别鉴定出了粒长(GL)和粒长(GW)的数量性状基因座 qGL5，并精确定位到候选基因 OsAUX3。OsAUX3启动子 9311和 NPB 序列的差异，以及 OsAUX3功能的丧失导致 GL 和 GW 的增加。
RNA 测序、基因表达定量、双荧光素酶报告分析、染色质免疫沉淀定量聚合酶链式反应和酵母单杂交分析证明 OsAUX3的上游转录因子 OsARF6。
OsARF6直接与 OsAUX3启动子的生长素反应元件结合，覆盖了9311和 NPB/Dongjin/hwayyoung 之间的一个单核苷酸多态性位点，从而通过改变水稻籽粒细胞纵向扩增和生长素分布/含量来控制 GL。
miR167a 通过引导 OsARF6 mRNA 沉默，对 GL 和 GW 具有正向调节作用。因此，miR167a-OsARF6-OsAUX3模块调节水稻的 GL 和 GW，是提高水稻产量的潜在目标。
Grain size is one of the most import factors of controlling rice yield, as it is associated with grain weight (GW). To date, several rice genes that regulate grain size have been isolated; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying GW control is not fully understood. Herein, a quantitative trait locus qGL5 for grain length (GL) and GW was identified in recombinant inbred lines of 9311 and Nipponbare (NPB), and fine mapped to a candidate gene, OsAUX3. Sequence variations between 9311 and NPB in the OsAUX3 promoter, and loss-of-function of OsAUX3 led to increased GL and GW. RNA-sequencing, gene expression quantification, dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that OsARF6 is an upstream transcription factor of OsAUX3. OsARF6 directly binds to the auxin response elements of the OsAUX3 promoter, covering a single nucleotide polymorphism site between 9311 and NPB/Dongjin/Hwayoung, thereby controlling GL by altering longitudinal expansion and auxin distribution/content in glume cells. miR167a was also confirmed to positively regulate GL and GW by directing OsARF6 mRNA silencing. Therefore, the miR167a-OsARF6-OsAUX3 module regulates GL and GW in rice, representing a potential target for improving rice yield.
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