分类一：环境类
重点词:
exhaust 尾气
sewage污水
forestation植树造林
air pollution空气污染
emission 散发；排放
pollutant 污染物质
energy-savingand emission-reduction 节能减排
low-carbonlifestyle低碳生活
hazardous material 有害物质
garbage classification垃圾分类
a feasible solution可行的解决方法
environmental degradation环境恶化
drinking water饮用水
conductive to good health有益健康的
remedial measure补救性措施
核心句：
这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。
This newly announced projectaimsat reducing four main pollutants,which include exhaust from 5 millionmotorvehicles,coal burning in surrounding areas,sandstorms from the north andlocalconstruction dust.
另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation）。
Another 85 billion yuan willbeused to establish or up-grade facilities of city garbage disposal andsewagedisposal,in addition to 30 billion yuan＇s investment in afforestationin next 3 years.
篇章:
空气污染是中国当前面临的一个严重的环境问题。2012年以来，北京、上海、重庆、香港等多个城市被雾霾笼罩，在2013年的最后几个月中，东部地区也受大雾天气影响，多地能见度不到100米，空气污染指数一度达到了危险级别。雾霾天气会对人们的健康和当地的经济发展造成极大影响。其中最令人担忧的是PM2.5。造成雾霾的主要原因是工业化进程的加速，极端低温天气与区域污染也使得空气污染更为严重。
Airpollution isa severe environmental problem that China is confronted withcurrently. Since2012, smog hangs heavy over cities like Beijing, Shanghai,Chongqing and HongKong. During the last few months in 2013, the eastern part ofChina was alsohit by the heavy smog with a dropped visibility of less than 100meters in someregions, where air pollution reached the hazardous levels. Smoghas greatimpact on people’s health and the local economy. Of particular concern is PM2.5.The root cause of the smog is theacceleration of the industrialization, whilethe accompanied extreme lowtemperature and regional pollution also contributeto the worse pollution.
分类二：传统文化类
重点词：
be listed as 被列为……
historical sites 历史遗迹
World Cultural Heritage 世界文化遗产
excavate 发掘；挖掘
feudal empire 封建帝国
harmony 协调；和睦；融洽
reverence尊敬；尊崇
celebrated著名的；有名望的
celebrity 名人；明星
dynasty 朝代；王朝
preserve 保存；维护
profound 寓意深远的；深厚的
flourish 繁荣/兴旺
reflect 反映
typical典型的
artistic艺术的
treasure 财富，瑰宝
handicraft 手工艺；手工艺品
delicate 精美的；雅致的；
valuable 有价值的
inherit 传承
核心句：
木雕是中国传统的艺术形式。早在6000年前，中国人就用木雕来装饰建筑。
Wood carving is atraditionalChinese art form. As early as 6000 years ago, the Chinese alreadyused woodcarving to decorate buildings.
到了明清时期，中国小说发展完全成熟，大量的短篇故事和小说不断涌现出来。
Ming and Qing Dynasty was thetime when Chinese fiction became fullymature, and a wealth of short stories andnovels continuously emerged.
篇章:
红色，特别是大红色，自古以来是中国人最钟情的颜色。中国人喜欢红色的习俗源于祖先对火的崇拜，因为火给他们带来了温暖和安全。如今，中国红有更多的含义，它代表着祝福、好运、快乐、热情等等。每年春节，长辈都会给晚辈发红包，以表新年祝福；家家户户都喜欢贴上红色对联，挂上红色灯笼来迎接新年。在传统的中式婚礼上，新郎新娘也会穿上红色的礼服庆祝人生中最重要的日子。在某种程度上，红色正是中国人性格的象征。
Red,especially bright red, is the favourite color of Chinese people fromancienttimes. Red loving customs can be traced back to the ancient worship offire,which always shelters people with warmth and safety. Today，Chinese redembraces many different meanings. It is a symbol ofblessing, good fortune, joyand enthusiasm and so on. In every Spring Festival,eldest people give redenvelope to the young, so as to show their blessings ofNew Year to the youngones. Besides, every Chinese household enjoys pasting redcouplets on bothsides of the gate and hanging lanterns to welcome the New Year.In Chinesetraditional wedding ceremony, the bride and bridegroom tend to wearin brightred to celebrate the most important day of their life. To some extent,it isthe Chinese red that symbolizes Chinese people’s personality.
分类三：经济类
重点词：
escalation逐步上升；增加
commodity 商品
globalizing process 全球化进程
workforce劳动力
sustainable development 可持续发展
pillar industry 支柱产业
reputation声誉；名望
transaction交易
commerce 商业；贸易
express快递；捷运公司;vt.表达；快递
after-sales service 售后服务
online payments 在线支付
commercial model商业模式
physical shop 实体店
核心句：
随着交通和交流的改善，在20世纪初以后，国际贸易得到快速发展。
With improvements in transportation andcommunication,international business grew rapidly after the beginning of the20th century.
旅游业的蓬勃发展创造了更多的就业机会。很多人通过经营旅游业摆脱了贫困。
The booming touristindustry has created more job openings. Many people have saidgood-bye topoverty through involvement in tourist business.
篇章:
旅游业是全世界最大，增长速度最快的行业。根据最近的数据显示，在全世界所有收入中，旅游业贡献了10%，雇佣了近十分之一的劳动力。到2010年，这些数字将会翻番。很显然，其实际的，潜在的经济影响令人震惊。例如，在中国，有许许多多的酒店和餐厅来满足各种需求，目前已建成的星级宾馆有9751家。所有的大中型城市和旅游景点都有针对国内外游客而设的酒店，且设施服务完备。
Tourismis the world’s largest and fastest growing industry. According torecentstatistics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’sincome andemploys almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By theyear 2010, these numbers will be doubled.Obviously, tourism’s actual and potentialeconomicimpact is astounding. For example, throughout China a great many hotels andrestaurants havebeen constructed to satisfy all levels of requirement and now9,751 hotels have been established with star ratings. All large or medium-sizedcities and scenic spots havehotels with complete facilities and services forboth domestic andinternational visitors.
分类四：社会热点类
重点词：
decline谢绝；下降；衰落
severe 严峻的；严重的
social security system 社保系统
birth rates 出生率
buzzword流行词
emphasize 强调
remarkable显著的；非凡的
overnight一夜之间的
enterpreneurship 创业；企业家精神
pioneer先锋；vt.开辟
initial fund启动资金
migrant worker农民工
house registration户籍
核心句：
通常，这些学校没有好的教学楼，缺乏合格的老师，但是对于那些农民工家庭来说，这是唯一的选择。
Generally, theseschools areof poor teaching building and lack certified teachers, but migrantfamilies haveno other options.
不仅仅只有记者，任何人都可以在微博网站上，对周围所发生的事情，进行拍照或用视频记录下来，并在网站上分享。
In micro-blogging site，anyone - not just journalists - can take aphoto or record avideo about what is happening around them and share it on theplatform.
篇章:
手机是我们生活不可或缺的一部分。这个小玩意儿的便利使得它成为世界上增长最快的技术产品，它从一个80年代的奢侈品，成为21世纪的必备品。但是我们变得依赖手机，甚至觉得，没有手机我们就活不下去。我们完全沉迷在短信、电话、与那些离我们很远的人的交流中，却忽视了就在我们眼前的人。许多青少年和年轻人疏远了那些爱他们的人，因为他们忙于创建和维护网络上的友谊。
Cellphones are an integral part of our life today. The convenience ofthis littlegadget is what makes it the world’s fastest growing technologicaldevice, goingfrom a luxury in the 1980s to a must-have in the21st century. But we havebecome dependent on them to the point that wefeel that we cannot live withoutthem. We get so addicted to texting, callingand communicating with those who arefar away that we neglect the ones who areright in front of us. Many teens andyoung adults grow distant from those wholove them because they are consumedwith creating and maintaining cyber friendships.
分类五：教育类
重点词：
fervor热潮
course 课程；讲座
institute学院；学会
boom繁荣；兴旺
international student 留学生
offer the course 开设课程
CivilServants Examinations 公务员考试
advanced 先进的，高级的
beneficial 有益的
immerse in 沉浸于/全神贯注于……
核心句：
许多大学生，甚至中学生都选择出国深造；在所有国家中，欧美国家成为了留学首选。
Lots of Chinese collegestudents and even high schoolstudents choose to study abroad for their furtherdevelopment, and Europe andAmerica become their first choice among all targetcountries.
近年来中美间经济合作不断深入，在美国，人们学习汉语学习的热情也不断高涨。
Interest in learning Chinesehas surged inthe past decades as American economic ties to China have beenstrengthened.
篇章:
受过良好教育的大学生对任何国家来说都是一笔财富。遗憾的是，人才外流（brain drain）给许多发展中国家带来了问题。这些国家的工业及经济的发展急需那些想法新颖并能够创造价值的人员及其他专门人才。中国目前拥有最大的劳动力市场，但同时也在经历比任何国家都严重的人才流失。如果中国希望吸引人才，留住人才，就必须加强知识产权保护(theintellectually propertyrights)并鼓励创新。
Thewell-educateduniversity graduates are a treasure to every country. It is apity that thebrain drain of the talented has caused problems in manydeveloping countries,where professionals and the talented individuals with freshthinking thatcreates value are badly needed to boost the development of industryand economy.While China nowadays has the largest labor pool, it also suffersfrom the braindrain more than any other country. If China wants to attract retainas well asretain those talents, it must enhance the intellectually propertyrightsprotection and encourage innovation.
分类六：科技类
重点词：
innovation创新
AI – artificial intelligence人工智能
online trading platform网上交易平台
interface界面
e-business; e-commerce电子商务
informationization 信息化
research results研究成果
industrial park工业园区
advanced science 尖端科学
scientific invention 科学发明
earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变
energy crisis 能源危机
milestone 里程碑
usher in 引领
unprecedented 前所未有的
optimize 优化
核心句：
现如今，无论你走到哪，你都会发现年轻人在玩手机，他们的眼睛一刻也不离手机屏幕。
Nowadays, no matter where yougo, you will find theyoung people using cell phone with their eyes fixing onthe screen.
随着高科技的快速发展，各种电子产品已经开始深入人们的生活。
With the development ofhightechnology, a variety of electronic devices have permeated into people’s life.
篇章:
如今，微博越来越受到人们的关注。在发布还不到两年的时间里，微博借助互联网的普及得到发展，且已拥有了一亿多用户。越来越多的年轻人通过微博，表达自己的心声，记录自己的生活，微博显然已成为了生活的一部分。微博为大众提供了可靠的窗口，即时的新闻和公开的辩论，其最大的影响是那些被埋没的信息能够得到快速宣传，包括社会不公等现象。
Nowadays,the growingconcern over microblog has been bought into focus. It has beenriding the waveof social network’s popularity in China and has more than 100million customerssince its launch less than two years ago. More and more youngpeople expresstheir feelings and record their life through the microblog.Obviously, it hasbecome an important part of life. In addition of offering awindow fortrustworthy, timely news and public debate, the biggest impact of themicroblogis that it rapidly spreads messages that would have been submerged,like eventsinvolving social injustice.
分类七：人物描述类
重点词：
celebrated 著名的；有名望的
celebrity 名人；明星
literary 文学的
literature 文学
preserve 保存；维护
inspiration灵感；鼓舞
profound 寓意深远的；深厚的
produce 生产；创作；n. 产品
masterpiece 杰作
flourishing 繁荣的；盛行的
be regarded /viewed / seen as被认为；被看作
have impact on... 对……有影响
核心句：
李白是中国唐代著名诗人之一，与杜甫一起，被誉为中国文学史上最伟大的诗人。
Li Bai was one ofthecelebrated poets in Tang Dynasty, China. He was often regarded, along withDuFu, as the greatest poets in China’s literary history.
不屈不挠的斗争精神和始终不渝的爱国热情，是屈原思想与性格中最辉煌的地方，他的作品是他一生斗争的实录。
Qu Yuan's unswerving spirit offortitudeand patriotism shined through his entire life and was embodied in hisliteraryworks
篇章:
孔子(Confucius)被视为中国历史上最具影响力的人物之一。他是第一个将毕生精力贡献给教育事业的人，为中国古代的教育做出了巨大的贡献。在他作为老师的生涯中，孔子接受各种背景的学生,打破了只有上层阶级才能接受教育的传统。他提倡老师和学生之间的平等，鼓励学生形成自己的想法。此外，他因材施教的理念在今天仍然被当作重要的教育原理。
Confuciusis recognized as one of the mostinfluential figures in Chinese history. He wasthe first to devote all his lifeto teaching and made great contributions toeducation in ancient China. In hiscareer as a teacher, Confucius broke with thetradition of education only forthe upper class by accepting students from allsorts of backgrounds. Headvocated equality between teacher and student andencouraged students to formopinions of their own. In addition, his idea ofteaching according to thestudent’s aptitude is still regarded as an importanteducational principle inChina today.
分类八：事物描述类
重点词：
astounding令人震惊的
get rid of 逃脱；摆脱
take pleasure in 乐于；喜欢；领略风光
culturalconnotations文化意蕴；文化内涵
interaction互动；相互作用
interpret解释;说明
emphasize 强调
remarkable 显著的；非凡的
pursuit追求
competitive竞争的；有竞争力的
stable 稳定的
acquire获得
be exposed to 接触
核心句：
京剧在中国已有200年的历史，随着时间演变，还融入了很多其他地方戏剧的元素。
Peking Opera has a200-year-long history. Overtime, elements from many other local operas wereincorporated.
黄河被誉为中国的母亲河，全长约5464千米，是中国第二，世界第五长的河流。
The Yellow River is known asChinese MotherRiver. With a total length of 5,464 kilometers, it is the secondlongest riverin China and the fifth longest in the world.
篇章:
西安是中国最古老的城市之一，它的建城史已有3100多年。在汉唐时期，西安就是中国政治、经济、文化和对外交流的中心，是当时人口最早超过百万的国际大都市。西安，这座永恒的城市，就像一部活的史书，记录着中华民族的沧桑巨变，悠久的历史和文化底蕴，以及丰富的历史遗址（relics），使西安享有自然历史博物馆的美誉。
Xi'an is one of theoldest cities in China, with a history ofmore than 3,100 years. During the period of the Han and Tang dynasties, asChina'spolitical, economic, cultural and foreign exchange center, Xi'an was the earliest internationalmetropoliswhose population is more than millions. Thiseternalcity is a living history book which records all the significant changesof thecountry. The cultural and historical significance of the area, as wellas theabundant relics, help Xian enjoy the laudatory title of 'NaturalHistoryMuseum'.
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