虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。
【解题方法】首先弄清楚考的是从句的形式还是主句的形式，从句一般不带would\could\should等，而主句带would\could\should等；然后判断从句部分是对什么时候的假设，或者主句是什么结构，完成相应的填空。
【直击真题】
1. （2018北京）
They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
2. (2012安徽)
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A．lives B．would live C．has lived D. were to live
【答案】D
【解析】由语境可知，从句表示与将来事实相反，故用“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”。
3. (2017天津)
--- Do you have Betty’s phone number?
---Yes. Otherwise, I _________ able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】由yesterday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadn’t had Betty’s number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。
重难点：在含蓄条件句和特殊结构中的虚拟语气。
易错点：
1).条件句中谓语动词为be时，不管主语是单数还是复数，书面语中一般都用were。而口语中如果是单数，也可以用was，不过在“If I were…”中一般用were。
2).虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
Eg.: If you hadn’t watched TV yesterday, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
Eg.: If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour.
（从句说明过去，主句说明将来）
Eg.: If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future.
（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
【题模精讲】
But for their help, we _________ the program in time.
A、can not finish
B、will not finish
C、had not finished
D、could not have finished
答案：D
解析：But for their help相当于一个表示与过去事实相反的条件从句If it had not been for their help，故应用could have done。
Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A、didn’t write
B、hadn’t written
C、wouldn’t write
D、wouldn’t have written
答案：D
解析：Without his wartime experiences是个含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。
语法填空
(1) They might have found a better hotel if they _________ (drive) a few more kilometers.
(2) If we_________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
(3) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
答案：
(1) had driven
(2) had caught
(3) had
解析：
(1)句意：如果他们再多行驶几千米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done，
(2)句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班了，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。
(3)句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。
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