书写URL时要使用US-ASCII字符集可以显示的字符。
http://www.google.com
如果需要在URL中使用不属于此字符集的字符，就要使用特殊的符号对该字符进行编码。
如：最常使用的空格用%20来表示，例如：
http://www.google.com/new%20123.html除了那些无法显示的字符外，还需要在URL中对那些保留(reserved)字符和不安全(unsafe)字符进行编码。
所谓保留字符就是那些在URL中具有特定意义的字符。不安全字符是指那些在URL中没有特殊含义，但在URL所在的上下文中可能具有特殊意义的字符。例如双引号(“”)
部分保留字符和不安全字符及其URL编码
字符描述用法编码
;分号保留%3B
/斜线保留%2F
问号保留%3F
:冒号保留%3A
@“at”符号保留%4O
=等号保留%3D
&“和”符号保留%26
<小于号不安全%3C
>大于号不安全%3E
"双引号不安全%22
#井号不安全%23
%百分号不安全%25
{左大括号不安全%7B
}右大括号不安全%7D
|竖线不安全%7C
\反斜线不安全%5C
^加字号不安全%5E
~波浪不安全%7E
[左中括号不安全%5B
]右中括号不安全%5D
`反单引号不安全%60
空格不安全%20
mystr = mystr.replace("'","%2B") //单引号
mystr = mystr.replace("+","%2B")
mystr = mystr.replace("*","%2A")
mystr = mystr.replace("!","%21")
mystr = mystr.replace("$","%24")
下面是w3schools网站上给出的编码参考
The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.
CharacterFrom Windows-1252From UTF-8
space%20%20
!%21%21
"%22%22
#%23%23
$%24%24
%%25%25
&%26%26
'%27%27
(%28%28
)%29%29
*%2A%2A
+%2B%2B
,%2C%2C
-%2D%2D
.%2E%2E
/%2F%2F
0%30%30
1%31%31
2%32%32
3%33%33
4%34%34
5%35%35
6%36%36
7%37%37
8%38%38
9%39%39
:%3A%3A
;%3B%3B
<%3C%3C
=%3D%3D
>%3E%3E
%3F%3F
@%40%40
A%41%41
B%42%42
C%43%43
D%44%44
E%45%45
F%46%46
G%47%47
H%48%48
I%49%49
J%4A%4A
K%4B%4B
L%4C%4C
M%4D%4D
N%4E%4E
O%4F%4F
P%50%50
Q%51%51
R%52%52
S%53%53
T%54%54
U%55%55
V%56%56
W%57%57
X%58%58
Y%59%59
Z%5A%5A
[%5B%5B
\%5C%5C
]%5D%5D
^%5E%5E
_%5F%5F
`%60%60
a%61%61
b%62%62
c%63%63
d%64%64
e%65%65
f%66%66
g%67%67
h%68%68
i%69%69
j%6A%6A
k%6B%6B
l%6C%6C
m%6D%6D
n%6E%6E
o%6F%6F
p%70%70
q%71%71
r%72%72
s%73%73
t%74%74
u%75%75
v%76%76
w%77%77
x%78%78
y%79%79
z%7A%7A
{%7B%7B
|%7C%7C
}%7D%7D
~%7E%7E
%7F%7F
`%80%E2%82%AC
%81%81
%82%E2%80%9A
%83%C6%92
%84%E2%80%9E
…%85%E2%80%A6
%86%E2%80%A0
%87%E2%80%A1
%88%CB%86
‰%89%E2%80%B0
%8A%C5%A0
%8B%E2%80%B9
%8C%C5%92
%8D%C5%8D
%8E%C5%BD
%8F%8F
%90%C2%90
‘%91%E2%80%98
’%92%E2%80%99
“%93%E2%80%9C
”%94%E2%80%9D
·%95%E2%80%A2
–%96%E2%80%93
—%97%E2%80%94
%98%CB%9C
%99%E2%84
%9A%C5%A1
%9B%E2%80
%9C%C5%93
%9D%9D
%9E%C5%BE
%9F%C5%B8
%A0%C2%A0
%A1%C2%A1
￠%A2%C2%A2
￡%A3%C2%A3
¤%A4%C2%A4
￥%A5%C2%A5
|%A6%C2%A6
§%A7%C2%A7
¨%A8%C2%A8
%A9%C2%A9
a%AA%C2%AA
%AB%C2%AB
%AC%C2%AC
%AD%C2%AD
%AE%C2%AE
ˉ%AF%C2%AF
°%B0%C2%B0
±%B1%C2%B1
2%B2%C2%B2
3%B3%C2%B3
′%B4%C2%B4
μ%B5%C2%B5
%B6%C2%B6
·%B7%C2%B7
%B8%C2%B8
1%B9%C2%B9
o%BA%C2%BA
%BB%C2%BB
%BC%C2%BC
%BD%C2%BD
%BE%C2%BE
%BF%C2%BF
à%C0%C3%80
á%C1%C3%81
%C2%C3%82
%C3%C3%83
%C4%C3%84
%C5%C3%85
%C6%C3%86
%C7%C3%87
è%C8%C3%88
é%C9%C3%89
ê%CA%C3%8A
%CB%C3%8B
ì%CC%C3%8C
í%CD%C3%8D
%CE%C3%8E
%CF%C3%8F
D%D0%C3%90
%D1%C3%91
ò%D2%C3%92
ó%D3%C3%93
%D4%C3%94
%D5%C3%95
%D6%C3%96
×%D7%C3%97
%D8%C3%98
ù%D9%C3%99
ú%DA%C3%9A
%DB%C3%9B
ü%DC%C3%9C
Y%DD%C3%9D
T%DE%C3%9E
%DF%C3%9F
à%E0%C3%A0
á%E1%C3%A1
a%E2%C3%A2
%E3%C3%A3
%E4%C3%A4
%E5%C3%A5
%E6%C3%A6
%E7%C3%A7
è%E8%C3%A8
é%E9%C3%A9
ê%EA%C3%AA
%EB%C3%AB
ì%EC%C3%AC
í%ED%C3%AD
%EE%C3%AE
%EF%C3%AF
e%F0%C3%B0
%F1%C3%B1
ò%F2%C3%B2
ó%F3%C3%B3
%F4%C3%B4
%F5%C3%B5
%F6%C3%B6
÷%F7%C3%B7
%F8%C3%B8
ù%F9%C3%B9
ú%FA%C3%BA
%FB%C3%BB
ü%FC%C3%BC
y%FD%C3%BD
t%FE%C3%BE
%FF%C3%BF
URL Encoding Reference
The ASCII control characters %00-%1F were originally designed to control hardware devices.
Control characters have nothing to do inside a URL.
ASCII CharacterDescriptionURL-encoding
NULnull character%00
SOHstart of header%01
STXstart of text%02
ETXend of text%03
EOTend of transmission%04
ENQenquiry%05
ACKacknowledge%06
BELbell (ring)%07
BSbackspace%08
HThorizontal tab%09
LFline feed%0A
VTvertical tab%0B
FFform feed%0C
CRcarriage return%0D
SOshift out%0E
SIshift in%0F
DLEdata link escape%10
DC1device control 1%11
DC2device control 2%12
DC3device control 3%13
DC4device control 4%14
NAKnegative acknowledge%15
SYNsynchronize%16
ETBend transmission block%17
CANcancel%18
EMend of medium%19
SUBsubstitute%1A
ESCescape%1B
FSfile separator%1C
GSgroup separator%1D
RSrecord separator%1E
USunit separator%1F
通常情况下，如果对某个字符能否在URL中使用有疑问，那么你应该始终使用该字符的编码。除字母、数字和字符$-_.+!*'()外的其它所有字符都应该使用编码。
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