boundary/border/edge/outskirts/frontier，边界
proposal/suggestion/recommendation/proposition
提议
odour/smell/stench/stink/scent，味道
bearing/position/standing，方位
waste/unwanted materials/rubbish/garbage/trash，废物
priority/preferential/the most important/overriding，优先
evidence/proof/documentation/written account，证据
mistake/error/fault/slip/mix-up，错误
collapse/failure/fall，崩塌，失败
fatigue/tiredness/exhaustion/drowsiness，疲劳
trial/experiment/test，实验
success/achievement/progress/breakthrough/accomplishment，成就
invention/device/creation/innovation，发明，装置
aviation disaster/sky accident/air crash，空难
altitude/from…meters above the ground/height/how high/level ，高度
zone/airspace/region/area/district/quarter/block/suburb，区域
weather/meteorological/climate/condition，气候
beacon and flashing/light/beam/ laser/ray/glow/glare，光
aircraft/plane/by air，飞机
city/metropolitan/urban/town/civic/municipal/downtown,城市
period/cycle/era/age，年代
feeling/emotional response / sensory/a sense of/passion，感觉
linguistic/language，语言
building/property/construction，建筑
financial support/fund/financial aid ，资助
stumbling block/difficulty/trouble，n.麻烦
talent/gift/prodigy/skill/ability/craftsmanship/flair，天才；才能
limitation/restricted/restrict/confine/constrain，限制
biological clock/internal clock ，生物钟
principle/rule，原则
middle-year education/lower secondary school，中学
format/pattern，格式
less successful student/struggler，差等生
supplementary/assist/additional/extra/further/added/spare/more，补充
correct answer/accuracy，精确
imbalance/disorder/unequal/disproportionate，不平衡，紊乱
cost/financial outlay/spend/charge/fare/rental/toll ，支出
immunity/resistance，免疫力
encounter/face/confront/meet，遇见，遭遇
protect/guard/safeguard/shield/conservation，保护
follow/track/tail/shadow/stalk/stalker，跟随，跟踪
teach/educate/train/coach/instruct/bring up，教学
determine/establish/identify/pinpoint/diagnose，决定；确定
differ from/unusual/distinguish/recognize the difference/differentiate，区别;与…不同
consult/ask somebody’s advice，咨询
engage/give somebody a job/employ/take on/appoint/recruit/sign up，雇佣
combine/mix/stir/blend/whisk，联合
explain/tell/show/demonstrate/go through/throw/shed light on/set out，解释
occur/happen/take place/turn up/arise/strike，发生
expand/get bigger/grow/swell up/stretch，扩张，扩大
emerge/appear/become visible/come into view/come into sight/come out，出现
generate/form/produce/create/develop/manufacture，产生
focus on/deals only with/concentrate，专注于
recognize/know/identify/pick out/tell，认出，承认
come from/be based on/originate/have its origins in/have its roots in/derive from /grow out of/ evolve from，发展，来自于
enable/make something possible/allow/permit/pave the way for/clear the way for，使能够
predict/anticipate/forecast/foretell/guess in advance/expect，预测；预期
realize/know/be/become aware/appreciate/be conscious，意识到
produce/form/create/generate，生产
guarantee/promise/assure/swear/vow/commit to/pledge，保证
bring/confer/award/present/grant/confer/allocate/offer，带来
illustrate/show/demonstrate/mean/reflect/reveal/bea sign，表明
disturb/interrupt/bother/distract/put somebody off ，打扰
unfold/open/develop/expand，展开
forge/form/counterfeit，形成，伪造
exaggerate/overstate，夸张，夸大
dispose/settle/manage/cope with/deal with，安排，处理
postpone/put back/delay/adjourn ，推迟
couple with/and/accompany/with，伴随
involve/contain/comprise，包含，牵涉
draw on/absorb，吸收
settle on/make choice of/decide on，选定
involve with/associate with/link to/relate to，与…有关联
release/issue/launch/convey/deliver，发行，发表
react/respond，反应
assessment/appraisal/evaluation/estimate/judgment，评估，估计
remain/keep/stay/maintain，保持
foster/cultivate/raise/nurture，培养，养育
construct/build/make/found，建造
stimulate/encourage/activate/motivate，鼓励，刺激
vanish/extinct/disappear，消失
ignite/light/inflame，点燃
launch/coin/project/release/issue，创造
require/desire/order/command，要求
operate/act/run，运转
revive/renaissance，复兴
break/shatter/crack，打碎，打破
insist/claim/argue/believe/think，坚持，坚称
suppress/control/restrain/repress/oppress/inhibit/ban/forbid/stifle，压制
speedup/increase speed/quicken up/accelerate speed，加速
dispute/debate/controversy/disagree/argue，争论
improve/grow/get better ，进步
catch/exploit/capture，抓捕
give up/abandon ，放弃
refute/not mean/rebut/deny，反驳
fulfill/qualify/achieve/keep/satisfy，完成
prevent/resolve/forbid/stop，防止
tend to/prone to，倾向于
participate/be involved in/take part in/join ，参加
judge/rate/criticize/assess/evaluate/gauge/appraise，评判
rely on/depend on ，依靠
avoid/stay away/keep away/steer clear of/make a detour，避免
die out/extinct/disappear/no longer exist ，灭绝
calculate/measure/workout/figure/estimate ，计算
coin/invent/make/create/come up with ，发明，创造
admit/acknowledge/confess/to tell the truth ，承认
be similar to/like/resemble/bear a resemblance to/ look like/alike/much the same ，相似
result in/lead to/cause/give rise to/bring about，引发，导致
address/solve/deal with/handle ，处理
imitate/copy/impersonate/follow one’s example，模仿
feed/eat/have/chew/swallow/consume，喂食
memorise/learn/commit something to memory，记忆
purify/refine/distill，净化 ，提取
deteriorate/get worse/go down ，变坏
recognize/know/identify/pick out ，认出
conclude/summarize/come to/reach the conclusion，得出结论
refer to/mention/allude to/touch on，提到
be divided into/separate/split/break up/break down，分开
hinder/hamper/impede，阻碍
exclude/omit/miss out/leave out/drop，排除在外
exchange/share/distribute，分享
convert/modify/transform/adapt/customize，转变
monitor/watch/keep an eye on/ keep a check on，监视
allocate/distribute/apportion/grant/confer，分配
stop/halt/come to a halt ，停止
label/display/call/brand/hail，贴标签，命名
apply/use/make use of/exercise/utilize ，应用
ensure/make sure/make certain/see to it that，保证
deny/refuse/withhold，否认
expose/show/reveal/present/let sb. see，暴露，揭发
easy to reach/accessible，容易达到的
important/vital/essential/crucial/critical/necessary，重要的
underdeveloped/degenerated/rudimentary，不发达的
exceptional/good/excellent/outstanding/brilliant/impressive/admirable，超常的，例外的
best/well/greatest/finest/ideal/top/ultimate/optimum/definitive/unsurpassed/record-breaking，极好的
surprised/amazed/astonished/astounded/betaken aback/startled，感到惊讶的
traditional/old-fashioned/outdated/outmoded/unfashionable，传统的
diverse/varied/variety/wide-ranging/mixed，各种各样的
reluctant/unwilling，勉强的
long-term/long-running/lasting/lifelong/prolonged/lingering/enduring/abiding，长期的
beneficial/wholesome/nutritious/nourishing/healthful，有益的
specific/explicit/elaborate，具体的
objective/impartial/neutral/not take sides/unbiased/disinterested，客观的
official/formal/authorized/on(the) record，官方的，正式的
inadequate/not enough/too little/few/scarce/insufficient/be in short supply/lack of something/be short，不足的
basic/fundamental/essential/central/underlying/simple/crude/primitive/rudimentary/unsophisticated/low-tech，基本的
central/middle，中心的
immense/big/major/considerable/great/huge/enormous/tremendous/largescale，巨大的
abundant/plenty/ample，充裕的，丰富的
unique/distinct/different/extraordinary/special/particular/specific/unique/separate，独特的
current/modern/recent/present，最近的
difficult/demanding/hard/tough，困难的
instant/rapid/immediate，立即的
initial/original/premier，最初的，开始的
positive/optimistic/uplifting，积极的
potential/possible/underlying/likely/expected/latent，潜在的
fragile/delicate，脆弱的
remote/distant，遥远的
unusual/rare/strange/uncommon，罕见的，不寻常的
ordinary/standard/common/usual/general，普通的,平常的
interior/inner/inside ，内部的
unpredictable/fluctuate/changeable，无法预测的
suitable/appropriate/proper/adequate/matching，合适的
local/domestic/native/indigenous，当地的
international/global/worldwide，国际的
impossible/out of the question/unlikely ，不可能
related/associated，有关联的
independent/self-reliant，自立的
newer/later/recent/present，新的
first/initial/early/primary/ancient，最早的
realistic/achievable，现实的
visible/disclosed/obvious/noticeable/apparent，可见的
moral/ethical，道德的
maternal/mother/female，母亲的
impressive/greatest/touching/unforgettable，印象深刻的
inaccurate/incorrect/wrong/misleading，不精确的
primary/main/large/chief/principal，主要的
radical/nontraditional/new/unconventional，激进的
well known/notorious/famous/renowned，著名的
spectacular/impressive/imposing/striking/grand，壮观的
severe/serious/stiff/heavy，严重的
dental/teeth，牙齿的
fragile/weak/delicate/breakable/feeble，脆弱的
advanced/developed/sophisticated/high-tech，先进的
intense/strong/passionate/powerful/fervent，强烈的
random/arbitrary/at random，任意的，随机的
different/individual/not like/vary/not the same/contrast with/diverse，独特的
chilly/cold temperature/freezing weather/ /frosty/wintry/cold snap，寒冷的
simultaneous/at the same time/together/at once/at one time，同时的
uniform/equal/homogeneous，均衡的
civil/municipal/metropolitan，城市的
revolutionary/original/innovation/fresh/novel/bein its infancy，新的，革命的
oversimplify/incomplete/simplistic/generalize，过于简化的，不完整的
consistent/lasting/stay the same/constant/unchanging，持续的
difficult/elusive/hard/ tough，困难的
unpleasant/offensive/horrible/disgusting/revolting/not very nice/nasty，极讨厌的
stable/constant/steady/fixed/unchanging，稳定的
spacious/largely/big/huge/vast/enormous/immense，广阔的
careful/elaborate/conscientious/meticulous，认真的；精心的
wet/marshy/soaked/waterlogged/awash，湿的
because/because of/for/as/since/in that/on account of/with，表示“原因”
so/therefore/thereby/thus/consequently/accordingly/hence ，表示“结果”as a result/so that 表示“结果”
cause/lead to/give rise to /result in/render/make/let，表示“导致”
ask/support/push/stimulate/spark/spur/fuel/produce/be responsible for/contribute to ，表示“导致”
result from/derive from/originate from/initiate from/stem from/be responsive to/attribute to ，表示“由…而来”
given/considering/concerning/in view of/thanks to/according to ，表示“考虑到”
when/once/as soon as/as long as/if/whether/provided that/unless ，表示“条件”
while/whereas/on the other hand ，表示“对比”
but/nevertheless/however/yet/although/despite/even though，表示“转折”
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