特约作者：四川 杨树根
【比重分析】
记叙文型的完形填空主要分成记事和记人两种形式。记叙文是完形填空常考的体裁，在高考中占了很大的比例。
【试题特征】
1．近几年高考完形素材多涉及日常生活，且是考生平时在生活中接触和关注比较多的话题，考生容易接受，没有陌生感。
2．叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，情节曲折，语言信息丰富，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件。文中常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换或语气的差异，这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上通过语境辨析词语并作出选择。
3．实词为主，虚词为辅。记叙文型完形填空题篇章不长，一般在250词左右。文章始终紧扣话题，选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴，重点集中在动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词等虚词的考查相对较少。
例如：2016山西四校联考
My heart story startedwhen I was 13 years old. My father died of a heart attack while on a golf courseat the young age of 45. Heart disease __41__ in my family. Like my father,I have extremely high lipid(脂质)levels and the good news is thattoday there are some __42__ that can significantly reduce my lipid levelsto __43__ normal ranges.
In 2011, when I was 45and my own son was 13, history __44__ itself. While skating with my son,I began to __45__an ”uncomfortable feeling”. I didn't think it washeart－related. When we __46__, my wife gave me aspirin and we decided to go and see my __47__ the nextday because my symptoms had __48__ decreased. My doctor sent us straight__49__ the hospital where I had my heart examined. Tests __50__ thatI had trouble with my heart. After nine days at the hospital and a surgery, I wenthome on my 46th birthday with a __51__ life.
__52__，there was no evidence of any heart damage at all. My doctor toldme that I must have been doing __53__ pretty good before my heart attackbecause patients didn't usually __54__ the kind of blockage(堵塞物)I had, or they met __55__ damage to the heart. I told themthat I had been __56__ walking for seven years before my heart attack, walkingup to 20 miles a week. Several people in the medical profession told me that walking__57__ my life!
This October, I will bewalking at the Heart and Stroke Walk in Tacoma. Every step is a __58__ thatlife is fragile and can be taken from us at any moment. My __59__ to youis very simple: __60__ you have heart disease in your family, there is somethingyou can do about it.
41．A. affects B. runs
C. joins D. attacks
42．A. measures B. ways
C. ideas D. drugs
43．A. near B. below
C. above D. with
44．A. covered B. repeated
C. remained D. controlled
45．A. express B. avoid
C. experience D. expand
46．A. set out B. calmeddown
C. got back D. got away
47．A. doctor B. friend
C. mother D. son
48．A. probably B. completely
C. considerably D. practically
49．A. to B.for
C. in D. at
50．A.exposed B. declared
C. implied D. showed
51．A. special B. common
C. colorful D. new
52．A. Personally B. Amazingly
C. Naturally D. Eventually
53．A. nothing B. something
C. everything D. anything
54．A. survive B. abandon
C. understand D. suffer
55．A. permanent B. slight
C. significant D. minor
56．A. referring to B. seeking for
C. insisting on D. wondering at
57．A. saved B. improved
C. treated D. enriched
58．A. sign B. reminder
C. dream D. battle
59．A. plan B. course
C. thought D. message
60．A. unless B. because
C. whether D. if
答案：41—45 BDABC 46—50 CACAD
51—55 DBBAC 56—60 CABDD
【应对策略】
1．重视首句、首段，读通全文，掌握文章大意。
首先要读好短文首句、首段，琢磨文章内容，然后速读全文，掌握大意。把握好文章内容、结构、记叙的顺序后，答题会有事半功倍的效果。结合首段，读通全文后可知：文中作者因心脏病发作住院，手术之后很快康复。事实证明，他平时的运动对他身体的康复起着重要的作用。
2．理顺事件的发生、发展和结局。
记叙文型完形填空多数是按事件发生的顺序进行叙述，考生应先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。解题时要”瞻前顾后”，通过上下文暗示对语意、语篇进行深层次理解，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。
(1)发生
第41题，作者也像父亲那样患有心脏病，因此”在我们家，心脏病是遗传的”。run in the family”世代相传”。
第44题，作者与他父亲一样，也是在45岁时心脏病发作，因此此处作者讲历史又重演了。repeat”再次发生”。
(2)发展
第54题，作者很快从突发心脏病中康复。通常，心脏病病人如果有作者一样的堵塞物，是不能存活的。survive”幸存，存活”。
第55题，与上文中的”no evidence of any heart damage atall”形成对比。significant”显著的”，符合语境。
(3)结局
第58题，作者用运动的方式提醒自己，生命是脆弱的，它随时会被夺走；作者锻炼时迈出的每一步都是对自己的一次提醒。reminder”提示，提醒物”，符合语境。
第60题，如果你家中有人得心脏病，你可以试着做一些事。根据语境可知，此处用连词if引导条件状语从句。
(4)瞻前
第46题，由上文的”While skating with my son”可知，作者与儿子滑冰去了，不在家。当他们回到家(got back)时，他的妻子给了他阿司匹林。
第48题，上文的”the next day”说明，作者没有马上去医院而只是在心脏病发作的第二天去拜访家庭医生是因为他的症状大大减轻了。considerably”很，非常，相当多地”。
第57题，上文讲到作者每天会散步，所以此处讲医疗界的人告诉作者很可能是散步挽救(saved)了他的生命。
第59题，由上文可知，作者想用自己的经历向读者传达一个信息(message)。
(5)顾后
第45题，下文作者谈及吃药、看医生，所以此处表示作者与儿子滑冰时有不舒服的感觉。experience”经历，感受”。
第47题，由下文的”My doctor sent us straight”可知，作者和妻子一起去看医生。
第51题，下文说作者的心脏没有任何损伤的迹象，此处应表示作者住院治疗后康复了，得到了新的(new)生命。
第52题，由空格后的”there was no evidence of any heartdamage at all”可知，作者的心脏没有任何损伤的迹象。作者康复的程度令人惊诧不已。amazingly”令人惊讶地，惊人地”。
第53题，下文提到作者每天会散步，所以此处讲作者在做某些对身体有益的事情。
第56题，空格后的”walking for seven years before myheart attack, walking up to 20 miles a week”可知，作者一直坚持散步。insist on”坚持”。
3．弄清作者对人物和事件的态度。
记叙文情节跌宕起伏，作者在叙述过程中会融入人物的语言、行为、心理等描写，这增加了理解文章的难度。考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的情感变化进行合理的想象和推理，仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能作出合理的选择。
【比重分析】
夹叙夹议文就是以记叙为主，在记叙中运用恰当的议论，文章语言地道，寓意深刻，可读性强。夹叙夹议型完形填空在高考中出现的频率最高。
【试题特征】
1．先叙述后议论。作者先叙述自己亲历或所见所闻的事情，然后针对这件事情表达对生活的感悟或揭示生活的真谛。
2．先议论再叙述。先提出某个深刻的社会话题或提出一个人生哲理，然后用具体的事例来说明，使考生在具体事例中体会作者的观点。
3．叙述议论相结合。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
例如： 2015新课标全国卷Ⅱ
Where do you go when youwant to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all __41__ places of learning. But it may wellbe that the learning you really want __42__ somewhere else instead. I hadthe __43__ of seeing this first hand on a __44__．
My daughter plays on arecreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so __45__ atournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some__46__ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams __47__trained. Through the first two games, her __48__ did not get one seriousshot on goal. As a parent, I __49__ seeing my daughter playing her best,__50__ still defeated.
It seemed that somethingclicked with the __51__ between Saturday and Sunday. When they __52__for their Sunday game, they were __53__ different. They had begun to integrate(融合) the kinds of play andteamwork they had __54__ the day before into their __55__. They playedaggressively and __56__ scored a goal.
It __57__ me thatplaying against the other team was a great __58__ moment for all the girlson the team. I think it is a general principle. __59__ is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be __60__ what they would have gotten inschool, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to workthem out on their own.
41．A. public B. traditional
C. official D. special
42．A. passes B. works
C. lies D. ends
43．A. dream B. idea
C. habit D. chance
44．A. trip B. holiday
C. weekend D. square
45．A. won B. entered
C. organized D. watched
46．A. painful B. strange
C. common D. practical
47．A. less B. poorly
C. newly D. better
48．A. fans B. tutors
C. class D. team
49．A. imagined B. hated
C. avoided D. missed
50．A. if B. or
C. but D. as
51．A. girls B. parents
C. coaches D. viewers
52．A. dressed B. showed up
C. made up D. planned
53．A. slightly B. hardly
C. basically D. completely
54．A. seen B. known
C. heard D. read
55．A. styles B. training
C. game D. rules
56．A. even B. still
C. seldom D. again
57．A. confused B. struck
C. reminded D. warned
58．A. touching B. thinking
C. encouraging D.learning
59．A. Experience B. Independence
C. Curiosity D. Interest
60．A. harmful to B. mixedwith
C. different from D. appliedto
答案：41—45 BCDCB 46—50 ADDBC
51—55 ABDAC 56—60 ABDAC
【应对策略】
1．注意首句、开头段以及结尾段。
夹叙夹议型文章的首句或开头段往往会抛出文章的话题，对全篇有引领作用。结尾段往往是议论，通常与开头段呼应。首尾段告诉我们作者通过看女儿参加的足球锦标赛，从而得到启发——学校里的学习很重要，但是亲身经历和实践是最好的老师。
2．做题时要把”叙”和”议”有机地结合起来。
”叙”是”议”的基础，”议”是”叙”的深化。叙述为议论服务，它和议论有机结合，表达作者的思想和观点；议论是叙述的”点睛之笔”，使文章的主题得到升华，使读者更能理解和品味出文章的主旨。把叙述和议论分割开，不注意”叙”和”议”的关系，就会有理解方面的偏差。
文中的”叙”—— 第45、46、47、48、52、53、54、55、56题。女儿所在的足球队打进(entered)了锦标赛。因为进入锦标赛的一般都是训练得更好的(better)球队，所以周六的比赛很艰难(painful)。在前两场比赛中女儿所在的球队(team)没得分。周日她们出现(showed up)在赛场上时和之前的表现完全(completely)不同。她们把前一天在赛场上看到(seen)的打法和团队精神运用到自己的比赛(game)中，甚至(even)还进球了。
文中的”议”—— 第41、57、58、59、60题。作者突然意识到(struck)和其他队打比赛对于女孩儿们来说是一个很好的学习(learning)时刻。经验(Experience)是最好的老师。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能并无差异(different from)，但是更有意义。
3．感受文体风格，领会作者意图。
文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握作者的思想情感。
文中的”情”—— 第49、50题。作为一个家长，作者不愿(hated)看到女孩儿们已全力拼搏，但(but)仍没进球。
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