If you give them a chance, people will try to manipulate you. It’s a sad fact of life. And since knowledge is the best defense, here are twelve techniques they will likely try to use to pull a quick one on you.
只要有机会，别人就会试图摆布你。这是生活的可悲现实。不过知识是最好的防御，下面来看看他们用来操控你的12种手段。
1. Targeting your lack of time and attention.
1. 瞄准你缺乏时间或注意力的时候
Someone purposely convinces you to commit to something at just the right time, when you would have otherwise said “no.” This commonly occurs when you’re in a hurry or mentally fatigued.
有意选择恰如其分的时候说服你答应某件事——通常是你正匆匆忙忙或思维困顿的时候，换做别的时候你肯定会说“不”。
Example:
例子：
At 5PM on a Friday, as you’re walking out of the office, your co-worker asks you if you mind handling X, Y and Z for him next week while he’s on vacation. “Sure,” you say quickly. “Shoot me an email with the details.” On Monday morning you learn that X, Y and Z are fairly substantial tasks that you wish you hadn’t committed to.
周五下午5点钟，当你正走出办公室，同事过来问你能否在他下周休假的时候帮他处理一下X,Y和Z。 “当然可以，”你随口说，“详情发邮件给我。” 周一早晨，你得知X,Y和Z都是相当微妙的任务，你后悔应承了下来。
2. Misrepresenting facts based on popular beliefs.
2. 用通常的看法混淆事实
When someone claims something is a proven fact simply because it’s a popular belief.
有些人仅仅因为大家都这么认为就声称那是业已证明的事实。
Example:
例子：
“Don’t just take it from me, 9 out of 10 doctors agree that Diet Pill XYZ is safe.”
“别拿走，十个医生有九个都说减肥药XYZ是安全的。”
3. Using complex words to explain something simple.
3. 用复杂的词汇解释简单的事情
Especially in the high-tech business world, complex jargon and obfuscation are tactics often used to intimidate you into agreeing with something you don’t fully understand.
尤其在高科技领域，复杂的行业术语和模糊表述是胁迫你认同自己不完全明白的事物的常用花招。
Example:
例子：
“Our dynamic flow capacity matrix uses an unparalleled downtime resistance protocol.”
“我们的动态流量矩阵使用了独一无二的防停机协议。”
4. Exploiting a position of authority.
4. 利用权威
You are far more likely to be persuaded by someone you like or by someone who is in an authority position.
你喜欢的人或权威人士往往更容易说服你。
Example:
例子：
A police officer tells you, “It’s legal for me to search your apartment right now.” And since he’s a police officer, (even though he never showed you a search warrant) you believe he must be telling the truth.
一位警官对你说：“我现在搜查你的公寓是合法的。”由于他是警官（尽管他从没向你出示搜查证），你相信他说的是实话。
5. Making an unreasonable request first.
5. 先提出无理要求
When someone first makes a request of that is excessive and to which you will most likely refuse. Then they look disappointed and make a second request that is more reasonable.
有些人先提出很可能被你拒绝的过分要求，然后他们一脸失望，再提出较为合理的要求。
Example:
例子：
“Will you donate $100 to our cause?” “I can’t afford it.” “Oh. Well could you donate $5 then?”
“您能给我们捐100美元吗？”
“我没那么多钱。”
“噢，那么您能捐5美元吗？”
6. Drawing loosely-related conclusions.
6. 得出不相干的结论
When someone tries to convince you of something by drawing a conclusion that is loosely related to the information they gave you.
从他们提供的信息得出不太相关的结论，试图用以说服你。
Example:
例子：
“This baby food is fortified with the vitamins and minerals. It’s extremely healthy. If you’re still buying other kinds of baby food, you’re neglecting your baby’s health.”
“这一款婴儿食品是维生素和矿物质加强型的，非常健康。如果您还是购买其他婴儿食品，就是忽视孩子的健康了。”
7. The illusion of scarcity.
7. 制造稀缺假象
If the product is scarce, there must be a ton of demand for it, right? Oftentimes scarcity is an illusion engineered by the product maker. Because products (and opportunities) seem a lot more appealing when there is limited availability.
如果产品数量有限，需求就会数不胜数，对不对？通常，稀缺性都是产品制造商制造的假象，因为当数量有限时，产品（或机会）看上去会更吸引人。
Example:
例子：
“One day sale! Limited supply! Get here before we’re sold out!”
“仅售一天！数量有限！在售完之前抓住机会！”
8. Lightly sugarcoating reality.
8. 矫饰事实
When someone gets you to agree to something that’s not ideal by telling you it’s slightly better than it is.
为了让你接受并非你理想的事物，某些人会把它描述得好于实际情况。
Example:
例子：
“The table will be ready in five minutes.” Because it sounds a lot better than fifteen minutes.
“这张桌子5分钟后可以就坐。”——听起来比15分钟好多了。
9. Changing the topic.
9. 转换话题
When someone diverts attention away from the topic of discussion to a totally new (but vaguely related) topic in an effort to persuade you.
为了说服你，有些人会将你的注意力从正在讨论的话题上引到一个全新（又略有关联）的话题上。
Example:
例子：
“So you don’t think green energy is a top priority right now with the current state of the economy. Well, we all saw what happened with the Gulf of Mexico oil disaster in 2010. Is that what you want? You want to see innocent sea creatures covered with oil? Then go ahead then, vote against the green energy bill this year.”
“既然您认为鉴于目前的经济形势，绿色能源并非当务之急， 那么，我们都看到了2010年墨西哥湾漏油事件的后果，那是您所希望的吗？您希望看到无辜的海洋生物满身油污？要是那样的话，您就投票反对今年的绿色能源法案吧。”
10. Presumption of guilt.
10. 有罪推论
When a question or statement automatically presumes the subject is guilty.
用一个问题或一段话自动假设当事人有罪。
Example:
例子：
“I saw the bruises on your son’s back. So when did you decide that spanking your child with all your might way okay?”
“我看到你儿子背上的伤痕了。你什么时候以为使尽全身力气打孩子没有关系的？”
11. Creating fear and a solution for it.
11. 制造恐慌并提供解决方案
Someone plays with your emotions and subtly invokes fear in you, and then when you start thinking about a possible solution, they provide one for you.
有些人操纵你的情绪并巧妙地激起你的恐惧，然后当你考虑可能的解决办法时，他们会提供一个给你。
Example:
例子：
Your performance has been lacking around here recently and the CEO suggested that I put employees who are struggling on probation. Don’t worry, I won’t do this now. But I do want you to show me what you’re capable of. Do you mind working this Saturday to help build-up your numbers?
最近你在这儿的表现不尽如人意，老板让我把表现不好的员工列入试用名单。别担心，我不会这么做的。 但是我确实希望你能向我证明自己能胜任。 你介意不介意本周六加班好给自己加分？
12. Start off small and up-sell.
12. 从小处开始，逐步加码
Someone asks you for something small, and when you give it to them, they ask for something bigger. And then, maybe, something even bigger.
某些人向你提很小的要求，当你答应以后，他们就要的更多，甚至进而提更高的要求。
Example:
例子：
Son: “Mom, can I go out for an hour to see Anthony?”
儿子：“妈妈，我能出去找安东尼玩一个小时吗？”
Mom: “Sure.”
妈妈：“当然可以。”
Son: “I just called Anthony and he’s going to the movies. Can I go with him?”
儿子：“我刚给安东尼打过电话，他要去看电影。我能跟他一起去吗？”
Mom: “Sure.”
妈妈：“当然。”
Son: “I only have $5. Could you lend me a few bucks to get in?”
儿子：“我只有5块钱，你能借给我几块钱看电影吗？”
Son: “…Could you give us a ride there?”
儿子：“……你能把我们送过去吗？”
Son: “…Could you pick us up afterwards?”
儿子：“……看完以后你能去接我们吗？”
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