第一性原理思维意味着将复杂的问题向下拆解到无法被拆解的,可信度最高的原则,然后基于这些原则再进行向上推演出最简炼的答案。
'For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its primary conditions or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its simplest elements.'
笔者翻译为:
只有当我们熟悉了一件事物最原初的条件或者它的第一性原理,并且我们可以基于它最简单的元素开始我们的分析时,我们才真正地了解它。
在此处我们也可以看到费曼学习法的影子,即只有当我们可以熟练地应用一份知识的底层原理时,我们才真正掌握了这份知识。
埃隆·马斯克在一次接受采访时提到:
'I think it is also important to reason from first principles, rather than by analogy. So a normal way we conduct our lives is we reason by analogy, We are doing this because it is like something else that was done, or it's like what other people are doing. It is kind of mentally easier to reason by analogy rather than from first principles. First principles is kind of a physics way of looking at the world, what it really means is you kind of boil things down to the most fundamental truths, and say, 'okay, what do we sure are true, or sure as possible as true’, and then reason up from there, that takes a lot more mental energy. '
“我认为从第一性原理开始推理是很重要的,而非靠类比推理。我们在生活中通常使用的是类比推理,我们以一种特定的方式做一件事情是因为我们曾经也是这样做其他事情的,或者其他人是这样做事情的。类比推理比第一性原理思维要更为轻松一些,它会消耗更少的精神能量。第一性原理思维是一种用物理学的视角来看待世界的方式,它真正的含义是你将事情拆解到最基本的事实,然后说'好,哪些事实我们能够确认是确凿无误,或者说最有可能为正确的’,然后基于这些最有可能为正确的事实向上推理,这样的推理过程会消耗大量更多的精神能量。”
他在与Lex Fridman的对话中提到:
'First principles analysis, I think, is something that can be applied to really any work of life, anything really. It's really just saying, let's boil something down to the most fundamental principles, the things that we are most confident are true, at a foundational level, and then set your axiomatic base, and then you reason up from there, and then you cross check your conclusion against the axiomatic truth. '
笔者翻译为:
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