01
英语新闻的类别
·“硬新闻”（hard news）：
硬新闻也就是“纯新闻消息报道”，题材严肃，具有时效性的客观事实报道。如：时政要闻，军事报道，灾难报道，财经报道等。
·“软新闻”（soft news）：
软新闻是指情感味浓，写作方法诙谐，轻松幽默的社会新闻，不注重时效性。如：娱乐新闻，花边新闻，社会广角等。
常见的体裁主要有三大类：消息（news）、特写（features）和新闻评论（commentaries and columns）。
02
英语新闻的文本结构
新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。
导语（lead or introduction）： 通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实，也是新闻听力的重点部分。
正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。
例如：
Feb.24th CNN
Worsening crisis in Venezuela-------标题
We reported on some of the reasons for a worsening crisis in Venezuela.
Today on CNN 10 we're looking at some of the effects it's having on the South American nation. Countries around the world are taking sides on what's happening here. After a Venezuelan lawmaker named Juan Guaido declared himself to be the new temporary leader of his country, the U.S. said it would support him. A growing number of other countries like Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada and Chile have done the same thing.-----导语，文章最主要内容。
Additional European leaders have said they'd also support Guaido if Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro doesn't schedule free elections soon.
But President Maduro said, nobody gives Venezuela an ultimatum and that his country had held elections which he says he won. He accuses the U.S. of setting up a coup to remove him from power. And China, Cuba, and Russia are among the countries who put their support behind Maduro.
Yesterday the United States announced new sanctions or penalties on the South American country to increase the pressure on its embattled leader.
Some Venezuelans have rallied behind President Maduro but many others have protested against him and more demonstrations are scheduled this week. The people caught in the middle are suffering.---以上部分全部为正文。
03
英语新闻结构模式
通常分为以下两种结构模式：
倒金字塔结构（inverted pyramid structure）：大多数新闻报道采用倒金字塔结构模式，即新闻信息按其重要性递减的顺序排列。这类新闻通常把最重要的信息放在导语中，次重要的放在第二段，以此类推，结尾部分信息一般最不重要。
按事件发生的时间顺序 (The chronological style):这类新闻报道按事件发生的时间顺序进行报道，通常适用于体育新闻，文艺表演，交通事故，灾难报道等。
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