二. 直接拼读法的基本原理 1．英语是一种拼音字母。英语是一种拼音（phonological）文字，英语单词是以字母组成，字母或字母组合构成了单词的读音。如： （1）辅音字母的读音： 音形一致的拼音：b[b],p [p], m[ m], f [f],d [d],t[t],n[n],l[l],g[g],k[k],h[h],l [l] ,r [r], v [v], w [w], z[z], 音形不一致的拼音： c [k] [s] [ ], g [g] [d , j [d ], x [ks] ,y [j], s [s] [z] [ ] [ ] 最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读sh [?], ch [t?], th [θ], ph [f], （2.）元音字母的读音： 元音字母的拼读，首先我要学生先了解什么是开音节？（以元音字母结尾的音节为开音节），什么是闭音节？（以辅音字母结尾的音节为闭音节），并和学生一起寻找发音规律，规律找到了，当学生了解了音节的规律，元音字母的发音就迎刃而解了。如： ★开音节的拼音： A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。 E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。 I发字母本身音[ai] I bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。 O发字母本身音[u] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。 U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。 ★闭音节的拼音： A 发[ ]口型要打大at, bat, bad, band, apple, animal, fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, family, capital, Saturday, than, had, grand, carry, happen, back, ran, badly, angry, sad, rang, flat, map, mat, van, man, ban, bap, can, cam, cab, cad, catch, hand, fantastic, thank, black, blackboard, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, swam, hat, sad, dad, mad, mat, pat, rat, sat，fan，lam，tad， van， wan等。 E 发[e]让学生老师模仿口型 when, met, them, well, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes, yesterday, fell, hello, desk, red, yellow, ten, pen, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men, chess, bet，net，pet ret，set，tet，vet，wet I [i] different, bring, holiday, lift, ticket, big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, little, listen, thing, drink, visit, swim, O发[ ] 让学生老师模仿口型drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctor U发[ ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, muck, much, puck, lucky, fun, gun, Hun, nun, pun, run, sun, tun, up, 字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如; ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week 部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf, oa,字母组合的发[u]音：road, boat, coat, ir字母组合的发[ ]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt, ar,组合字母发[ a:（a再s, ss前）也发[a:]：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，far class, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等 ow字母组合有时发[u]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等。 ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。 oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye, oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, toon, 红椿 noon, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, tooth ear字母组合有时发 [i ]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，sear ear字母组合有时和air一样发[ ]：bear, tear, wear, pear, oy字母组合发[ i ]音: boy, toy, hoy赶牲畜的呼叫声, coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, goy, 异教徒soy酱油；黄豆 iht 字母组合发[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tight ay字母组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, gay快乐的, hay干草, lay设置 2、直接拼读法存在例外是一种正常现象 英语单词的读音方法与拼写不一致，甚至一个英语字母有多种读音或一个元音可以代表多种发音。 例如：字母Aa可以有八种读音：在开音节单词中发[ ei ]“date. make .came”等;在闭音节中发[ ]”map, cap, cat. ha等”；在s,ss前发[ a: ]”fast, pass, glass, class, passport”等；在轻读音节中发[ ],“about, above, again, abroad, ago”等；在单词want,中发[ ]；在单词“wall”中发[ ];在单词 “comrade”中发[ i ] ；在单词“many”中发[ e ]。另外还有一些字母组合。例如：ay; ea; ar; oa; ear; ai;等。总之，一个英语字母有多种发音或一个元音可以代表多种发音，这是一种经常现象，并不影响学生学习和掌握直接拼读。 |
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