1. I had just lost £50 and I felt very upset. 我刚刚丢了50英镑,感到非常烦恼。
㈠lose: vt. 遗失,丢失(宾语一般为钱或物)。如:Don’t lose your key.
【比较】miss: v. 丢失, 怀念, 错过; missing: adj. 丢失的
【拓展】表示东西不见了的几种常用的表示法:
⑴lose sth.或sth. be lost; ⑵sth. be missing; ⑶sth. be gone.。
① My keys are (丢失).
② I lost my book. → My book .
③ Her child is (丢失).
㈡feel +形容词:一般指心情“觉得……,感觉到……” feel upset: 感到心烦意乱;觉得不安。
upset: ⑴adj. 心烦的;不安的;弄翻的。多指由于某事发生后而感到“心烦意乱”; 常用的搭配如:be upset about为……烦心;be upset that+从句:因……心烦。
【比较】nervous adj. 紧张的,不安的(事发前)
⑵vt. 使心烦;颠覆;扰乱;vi. 翻倒。
一言辨异: The bad news upset me. As a result, I upset a glass of milk, which upset my plan for feeding the cat. Thus, my son was upset about it. 那则坏消息让我心烦意乱。结果, 我打翻了一杯牛奶, 这打乱了我的喂猫计划。为此, 我儿子不高兴了。
2. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 经理深表同情,但却无能为力。
could do nothing:无能为力。常用于以下结构:
⑴could do nothing about sth. 对某事无能为力
⑵could do nothing to do sth. 无能为力去做某事
① I could do nothing (help) you. 我无能为力去帮你。
② --- Can you help me? --- Sorry, I could do nothing (about; to; for) you.
3. “Everyone’s losing money these days,” he said. “现在大家都在丢钱,”他说。
⑴ days:指“时期,时代”,如: in his boyhood days(在他的童年时代/少年时期)。
⑵ these days:指“现今”, 多用进行时态取代一般现在时, 表达某种感情(如不满)的修辞方法。
【注】“延续性动词”常用“现在进行时”;“瞬间动词”常用“现在完成时”。
① He (write) a new novel these days.
②这些日子你去过图书馆吗?→ you to the library these days?
4. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
他开始抱怨起这个邪恶的世道来,却被一阵敲门声打断了。
start to do和start doing在表示开始某一动作时,所表达的意思基本相同,有时可以互换,但也有区别。start doing多用于表示开始一项较长时间或持续性、经常性的活动,如:
① Now let’s start (read) English aloud. 现在我们开始大声朗读英语吧。
② He starts (play) the piano at the age of seven. 他七岁开始弹钢琴。
③ When the girl saw a policeman coming, she started (喊救命).
【注】下列情况下常接不定式,不接动名词:
㈠ 主语是无生命的事物,而不是人时。如:
It starts (rain). 天开始下雨了。
㈡ 当start用于进行时态时。如:
She is starting (cook) the dinner.她开始做饭。
㈢ 当 start 后接表示心理状态或精神活动的动词时。如:
Mary started (guess) what is in the bag. 玛丽开始猜包里有什么东西了。
5. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. 一位姑娘走了进来,把一个信封放在了他桌上。
= A girl came in an envelope and put on his desk.
语 法 复 习
一、感叹句:是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。英语中的感叹句常用What或How来引导,它们与所修饰的词位于句首,其他部分用 语序。如:
What a cold, snowy day!(多冷的下雪天啊!) How interesting! (多有趣啊!)
那么,What与How怎么来引导感叹句呢?下面,我们来详细看看吧。
What: 由what引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰名词的,名词前可有其他的定语成分(即形容词或冠词)。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a / an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。在使用过程中,常用的句型有:
1. What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:
①What (a; an) useful book this is! 这是多么有用的一本书啊!
②What (a; an) honest girl Mary is! 玛丽是一个多么诚实的女孩啊!
2. What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:
①这些士兵们真勇敢啊!( ) A.How brave soldiers they are! B. What brave soldiers they are!
②今天的天气真不错啊!( ) A. What fine weather it is today! B.What fine weather is today!
How: 由how引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰形容词或副词的。修饰形容词时,句中的谓语动词用系动词,如am, is, are等;修饰副词时,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,如fly, run等。在使用过程中,常用的句型有:
1. How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语!例如:
①( )How exciting it is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊!
A. the football match B. a football match C. football match D. football a match
②( )**How exciting is! 这场球赛多么振奋人心啊!
A. the football match B. a football match C. football match D. football a match
③( )How kind old man he is! 他是一位多么善良的老人啊!
A. the B. a C. an D. /
2.How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语!例如:
① 姚明真高啊!( ) A. How tall Yao Ming is! B. How a tall Yao Ming is!
②这蜻蜓飞得真快啊!( ) A. How fast dragonfly flies! B. How fast the dragonfly flies!
【注意】在感叹句中,What与How都起着至关重要的作用。但我还有两点要补充一下。
1.感叹句在表达清楚的情况下,可以同时省略主语和谓语。但在运用时,一定要结合上下文。如我们刚开始说到的两个句子,在课文中的全句应该是:
①What a cold, snowy day ( )! 这是多冷的下雪天啊!
②How interesting ( )! 那天多有趣啊!
2.若句子纯粹是“主语+谓语(+宾语或其他成分)”结构,可在句首直接加How变感叹句。如:
① I love you.(变感叹句) → 我多么爱你啊!
② Time flies. (变感叹句) → 时间过得真快啊!
附一:感叹句记忆口诀: 感叹句,并不难,how与what应在前。
形容词、副词跟着how; what后面名词连。
名词若是可数单,前带冠词a或an。
主语、谓语放后面,同时省略也常见。
附二:巧变感叹句口诀:一断二加三换位。
“一断” 即在主谓语后面断开,使句子分成两部分。如:
①He works hard. → He works hard.
②He is a good worker. → He is a good worker.
“二加” 即在第二部分前加上how(强调形容词、副词)或what(强调名词)。如:
①He works( )hard. ②He is( )a good worker.
“三换位” 即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号。如:
① he works! ② he is!
操练:按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。
1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (改为感叹句)
→ he listened to his teacher!
2. What a clever monkey it is! (改为同义句) → a monkey it is!
3. The food is very nice. (改为感叹句) → food it is!
4. How sadly they are crying! (改为陈述句) → They .
5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (改为感叹句) → the Christmas tree is!
二、双宾语:有些及物动词可接两个宾语,即指人的 宾语和指物的 宾语。
常用句型为:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea, please.
有时,间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。如:
①She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt him. 她把盐递给了他。
②I bought Mary a dictionary yesterday. = I bought a dictionary Mary yesterday.
下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:
1. 当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如:
这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。→ The watch is Li Lei’s. Please give .
2. 当强调间接宾语时。如:
母亲每天都为我们做早饭。→ Mother cooks breakfast every day.
3. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如:在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人。
→ On the bus, he often gives .
注:由to连接间接宾语的动词表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做),常见的动词有:
give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write等;
由for连接间接宾语的动词表示谓语动作的目标或受益者(为谁做),常见的动词有:
build, buy, choose, cook, do , draw, find , get, make, sing等。
三、no和not构成的否定句的用法:
no和not都可构成否定句,但意思有些差别:no比较口语化,not通常有强调的意思。如:
① He has no friends. = He has friends.
② There is no money in the wallet. = There is money in the wallet.
③ No customer came. = customer came.
There is no person in the house.【比较】There is not a person in the house.(较强调)
There is not a single person in the house.(最强调)
即时练:
①No TV and no radio (be) necessary for me.
【比较】:A TV and a radio (be) necessary for me.)
【注意】当主语为两个由no修饰的名词时,动词用单数形式。
② I want nothing to eat.→ I want to eat.
③ He can find his keys nowhere.→ He can find his keys .
④ Say it no more.→ say it more.
【注】在简短回答中,no比 not any更好一些:
⑤ --- Where is he going? --- (哪也不去).(比用not anywhere更好)
⑥ --- What did he say? --- (没说啥).(比用not anything更好)
⑦ --- Who knows it? --- (没有人).
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