Continuing my last post, I went and studied more about colour wheel.I found some websites and they are very useful for learning the basic colour theory and English vocabularies. This time, I’ve added a little star* next to some words. They will appear in My Study Notes for learning vocabularies.
今天要來複習一下基本的色相環。我找到兩個網頁簡單說明色彩計畫基本技巧 [1] 和 英文版的 Basic Colour Schemes-Introduction to Color Theory [2]. 色環這個中文詞感覺好陌生喔！設計師真的是該好好的把色彩學給學好的～OMG! 我要加油了！英文字旁邊外加的* 表示會在My Study Notes* / 英文學習筆記裡喔～有興趣的可以看看。
色環又稱色輪或色圈，是將可見光區域的顏色以圓環來表示，為色彩學的一個工具。最早發明類似色環理論的是1704年，艾薩克·牛頓(Isaac Newton)的七色板(Colour Disk/ Colour Circle)，為說明日光的成分所做的儀器。目前我們比較熟悉的是一個基本色環包括12種不同的顏色。這個基本的12相色環是由瑞士的設計師 約翰·伊登 (Johannes Itten) 於1961年所發明的[3]。伊登是瑞士的表現主義畫家和設計師，也是早期德國魏瑪包浩斯大學(Bauhaus-Universität Weimar)的核心成員之一。[4]
色環是配色的基本工具，通常包含：三原色(primary colors)、三間色(secondary colors)、及六個再間色(tertiary colors)等 12 種顏色。三原色是紅、黃、藍三色 。三間色是由相鄰的原色混合而成：紫=紅 藍、綠=藍 黃、橙=黃 紅。再間色則是由原色跟相鄰的間色混合而成。[1] 這裏有一個互動式色環可以了解一下三原色、三間色及再間色。
“Traditionally, there are a number of color combinations that are considered especially pleasing. These are called color harmonies or color chords and they consist of two or more colors with a fixed relation in the color wheel.' [2]
“These terms are often used incorrectly, although they describe fairly simple color concepts. If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. If black is added, the darker version is called a shade. And if gray is added, the result is a different tone.' [2]
所以說，用白色調色差叫做 Tint。加黑色調色叫做Shade。用灰階展示不同色階叫做Tones。要學起來不要再用錯詞了喔～
“Complementary color scheme
Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary colors (example: red and green). The high contrast of complementary colors creates a vibrant* look especially when used at full saturation*. This color scheme must be managed well so it is not jarring*. Complementary color schemes are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out. Complementary colors are really bad for text.' [2]
具有高反差的互補色能製造鮮明的基調，尤其是使用全飽和的色彩。但是這需要很小心的使用，才能避免不協調。互補色通常也不太合適用於文字和背景色彩搭配。
“Analogous color scheme
Analogous color schemes use colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene* and comfortable designs. Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye. Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an analogous color scheme. Choose one color to dominate*, a second to support. The third color is used (along with black, white or gray) as an accent.' [2]
類似色使用的色彩是色環上鄰近的色彩。這些色彩通常很好搭配並且能製造出安祥及舒適的設計。類似色通常能在大自然中發現，這些顏色很和諧悅目。選擇類似色時，要選一個主色，一個輔助色。第三個顏色是做調性用的，通常用黑灰白調第三色。
“Triadic color scheme
A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. Triadic color schemes tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale* or unsaturated versions of your hues*. To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced – let one color dominate and use the two others for accent.' [2]
三等角配色，顧名思義就是等角配色。這三個顏色混在一起的時候通常都很活躍色調，即使你使用的是比較蒼白色或不飽和的色階。為了能比較成功的讓三等角配色和諧，顏色比需要小心的協調。讓一個顏色當主色，其他兩個顏色當色調用（加黑白灰調色）。
“Split-Complementary color scheme
The split-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two colors adjacent* to its complement. This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less tension*. The split-complimentary color scheme is often a good choice for beginners, because it is difficult to mess up.'[2]
補色分割配色也是三角配色的一種，但是不是正三角度。它使用了兩個相鄰原色的類似色和對比的補色。這個配色方式跟互補色配色一樣有強烈的對比，但張力比較小。這樣的配色通常很適合初學者使用，因為很不容易出錯。
“Rectangle (tetradic)
The rectangle or tetradic color scheme uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs. This rich color scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation. The tetradic color scheme works best if you let one color be dominant. You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design.' [2]
矩形配色是用兩個補色配色所組成。(e.g. 紅-綠, 藍-橘) 這四種配色能製造出多種配色的可能性。這樣的配色方式最好使用一個顏色為主色。在你的設計裡，要注意到整個暖色和寒色的平衡性。
“Square
The square color scheme is similar to the rectangle, but with all four colors spaced evenly* around the color circle. The square color scheme works best if you let one color be dominant. You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design.' [2]
方形配色類似於舉行配色，但這四個顏色是等角的落在色環上。好的方形配色是你使用一個顏色當主色。一樣的，要注意到整個暖色和寒色的平衡性。
最後一樣附上我的筆記，有需要的可以點開來看全部的內容。
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