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Down in the dumps
垃圾泥沼
英文部分选自经济学人20180927 special report版块
Down in the dumps
垃圾泥沼
The poor world and the rich world face different problems with their waste
垃圾面前，贫富有别
Systems in both are improving but all are under strain
贫富国家的回收系统均有所改善，但仍然任重道远
EVERY MORNING, JUST before 8am, a digger stretches out its steel limb from the bank of the Ciliwung river in central Jakarta.It claws load upon load of stinking rubbish from a barrier stretched across the stream and deposits it into the back of an orange lorry. A city employee stands by, one of 5,000 people working in pasukanoranye (orange teams), which dredge hundreds of tonnes of waste every day from the filthy waterways of the Indonesian capital.A rag-picker, treading precariously, sniffs for plastic bottles and other recyclables. Once full, the lorry departs for Bekasi landfill. There, amid more stench, dozens of waste-pickers mill around beside the swinging arms of the machines that unload the dripping rubbish. Their bounty is divided meticulously and sold on to scrap dealers or reprocessing facilities. The remaining trash is rearranged into landfill.
每天早上快到8点时，在雅加达（Jakarta）市中心的芝利翁（Ciliwung）河畔都可以看到一台挥舞着铁臂的挖掘机。它从横跨河流的拦截带上一次次挖出臭气熏天的垃圾，然后把垃圾送进一辆橙色卡车的后部。一名市雇员守在一旁，他是“橙色部队”的5000名工作人员之一。他们每天都会从印尼首都雅加达的污水沟里挖出数百吨的垃圾。一名拾荒者小心翼翼地踩在垃圾堆里，翻捡着塑料瓶和其它可回收物。每装满一车垃圾，卡车便会驶往位于勿加泗（Bekasi）的垃圾填埋场。在这更加恶臭的垃圾场里，挥舞着的机械臂卸下湿淋淋的垃圾，几十名拾荒者穿梭其间。他们的劳动成果经分类后卖给废品经销商或回收工厂。剩下的垃圾则重新填埋。
注：
①sniff for: 寻找、辨别
Eg：The police use dogs to sniff for bombs.
警察用狗寻炸弹。
②stench: n. 恶臭；臭气
③mill around: 打转，穿梭其中
Eg：The Royal Palace shut briefly but four days later it was business as usual, with Norwegians and tourists milling around the forecourt.
皇宫建筑短暂关闭，但四天后就恢复营业，前院里尽是挪威人和游客在打转。
In many parts of the developing world formal collection is expanding. There are now some 6,000 community waste banks in Indonesia, where residents deposit recyclables in exchange for cash. Once rubbish makes it to the waste-management site, the systems can be relatively efficient. The problem is getting a nation’s refuse to such sites in the first place, when door-to-door collection is still rare, and households and businesses seldom sort their garbage.
在许多发展中国家，正规的垃圾回收规模正在不断扩大。印度尼西亚约有6000家社区垃圾回收站，在那里居民可以把可回收垃圾换成现金。一旦垃圾进入站点，它们便进入了一个相对高效的回收利用系统。而问题在于，当鲜有人挨家挨户上门回收垃圾，家庭和企业几乎不主动进行垃圾分类时，如何确保先将全国的垃圾送往这些站点。
注：
①refuse: n.废物,垃圾
Eg：refuse collection point 垃圾收集站
②bank: 有“库”的释义，可用于表示“用于循环再利用的废旧物品回收站”
衍生阅读：
①印尼用垃圾坐公交，垃圾回收有妙招，执行效果特别好！单押 ×3
http://www.sohu.com/a/334612582_120204029
②用塑料空瓶换免费公交车票！印尼政府环保新招每月能回收7吨塑料垃圾
http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190211100418235.html#
More than 14,000km from Jakarta, in San Jose, California, trash is arriving at the Newby Island waste-management plant.As in most developed nations, getting it there is not the problem. Domestic and commercial waste is collected from homes and offices efficiently. The difficulties start when the rubbish arrives. With labour costs high, there are no rag-pickers to sift through everything and work out what is worthrecycling.The problem here is in the sorting. Aluminium cans are easy to deal with because they are all the same.But different types of plastics cannot be recycled together and machines do not have the sophistication to tell one type from another. So a lot goes to landfill or incineration, mixed with the remaining worthless waste. And now, suddenly, China has stopped accepting imports of low-grade plastic and paper, so Newby Island no longer has a place to send the mixed garbage that it lacks the hands to separate.
在距雅加达14000公里的加利福尼亚州圣何塞（San Jose），垃圾正被运往纽比岛（Newby Island）垃圾管理场。对于大多数发达国家来说，垃圾回收并不是什么难事，家庭垃圾和企业垃圾可以高效地从民宅和办公室里收集。当垃圾被运到填埋场之后，问题才刚刚开始。由于人力成本高昂，没有拾荒者对垃圾中的可回收部分进行筛选。在这里，垃圾分类成了难题。易拉罐性质相同，因此处理难度较低；但塑料制品的种类多样、不能一同回收，而机器尚无法区分它们的不同。所以很多塑料都同那些无回收价值的垃圾一起被填埋或是焚烧了。现如今，中国骤然停止接受废塑料和废纸等低档洋垃圾，使得纽比岛上无法分类的混合垃圾无处可去。
Both processes—in the developed and the developing world—are part of a global system that has improved substantially in recent decades as patterns of consumption, and therefore waste disposal, have changed. But both are under strain, as the volume of rubbish has increased with economic growth and as the global garbage industry has changed.
近几十年来，无论发达国家还是发展中国家，垃圾处理方式已随着消费模式的改变发生变化，并在全球范围内取得了实质性进步。但随经济增长而导致的垃圾量增长以及全球垃圾产业变化，使富裕国家和贫穷国家都面临压力。
The improvements at Bekasi are part of a broader trend of developing-world governments finally grasping that proper rubbish collection is more than just keeping your streets smelling nice. It is a vital part of public health. Stinting on rubbish means paying more for hospitals. Numerous studies have shown that life in areas with patchy collection increases the risk of diseases as well as neurological conditions. In 2016 consultants at McKinsey calculated that burning, dumping or discharging a tonne of rubbish into waterways cost south Asian economies $375 through pollution and disease, against $50-100 required for basic systems to dispose of that same tonne properly.
勿加泗改进了垃圾处理方式，反映了发展中国家垃圾处理的广泛趋势：恰当的垃圾回收不仅是为了让街道空气清新，而且是公共卫生极为重要的一部分，在垃圾处理上省下来的钱最终都花在了医院。大量研究表明，在垃圾回收不足的地区，罹患疾病和神经系统疾病的风险会增加。2016年，麦肯锡（McKinsey）的顾问们估算，焚烧、随意倾倒或向水道排放一吨垃圾，会导致污染和疾病，从而使南亚经济体损失375美元，而以基本设施妥善处理同样一吨垃圾只需花费50到100美元。
注：
①stint: v.节省；限制
Eg：Don't stint the food.
不要节省食物。
②patchy: adj. 不完整的
Eg：The data on these differences are patchy, the study’s authors acknowledge.
该项研究的作者承认这些区别的数据是零落分散的。
③dispose: v.处理
Eg：The imposing man posed as a man of good disposition and disposed of the rubbish.
给人印象深刻的人冒充一个好安排的人并且处理垃圾。
In the poorest countries, especially in Africa, rubbish is still just dumped anywhere, and management is limited. But there is also comparatively little of it. A typical citizen of Lesotho produces 110 grams a day, >Narendra Modi’s government has earmarked $9.5bn for solid-waste management in its $30bn Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission. Indonesia is ploughing $1bn into its plastic-clean-up campaign. Authorities in Morocco believe that $300m they have invested in new sanitary landfills has already averted $440m in environmental damage. Many projects enjoy backing from the World Bank and other multilateral lenders. Others are promoted by grassroots organisations and entrepreneurs.
在最穷的国家，特别是非洲，垃圾仍然还是随处倾倒，实施的管理措施也很有限。但是这些国家产生的垃圾量也相对较小。一名普通莱索托（Lesotho）市民每天产生110克垃圾，是一名普通冰岛市民的四十分之一（冰岛是人均垃圾产量最高的国家）。这是飞速发展的经济体所面临的挑战。它们当中有许多都在砸钱处理垃圾。纳伦德拉·莫迪（Narendra Modi）政府已在其投入300亿美元的“清洁印度”任务中辟出95亿美元专款，用于固体废物管理；印尼为“塑料清理”运动投入了10亿美元；摩洛哥当局认为，他们投资了3亿美元的新型填埋场已经避免了4.4亿美元的环境破坏损失。许多项目得到了世界银行和其他多边贷款方的支持，其他项目则由基层组织和企业家推动。
They are bearing fruit. Collection rates in low-income countries have nearly doubled to 39% between 2012 and 2016, even as the volume of waste rose by a third. In middle-income countries like China, they rose on average to 51%. Rates for industrial waste are also improving (in places that have industry), though they already tend to be high because factories produce large, predictable volumes of more homogeneous refuse that is often valuable (like metal scrap).
这些努力正在开花结果。2012年至2016年期间，尽管低收入国家同期垃圾量增加了三分之一，但垃圾回收率几乎翻了一番，达到39%。在中国这样的中等收入国家，垃圾回收率平均上升到了51%。尽管因工厂生产大量的、可预测的同质垃圾通常都有价值（如金属废料）导致工业垃圾的回收率一向很高，但这一回收率仍在提高（在有工业的地方）。
As collection has improved, so has the next stage. China has emulated its rich Asian neighbours and embraced incineration. The Chinese authorities scrapped plans for some plants in the face of protests by local residents worried about air pollution. But they see incinerators as essential to tackling what the World Bank predicts could be a 50% rise in China’s solid waste by 2050. They are trying to convince residents that incinerators are clean and safe (as modern ones are, in places like Taiwan) by, for instance, promoting school trips to facilities. The number of incinerators in China has shot up from 57 in 2010 to more than 400. They now consume one-fifth of the 220m tonnes of municipal refuse that the Chinese disgorge each year.
垃圾回收量提高了，处理量也随之增加。中国效仿亚洲发达邻国，走垃圾焚烧这条路。当地一些居民担心空气污染，抗议建立垃圾处理厂，于是中国政府只好放弃这些计划。但他们仍坚信，焚烧是处理固体垃圾的重要手段。而世界银行预测截至2050年中国的固体垃圾可能增加50%。政府通过请学生们参观工厂等方式，努力说服居民们相信焚化炉洁净而安全（就像台湾等地的现代焚化炉一样）。中国的垃圾焚化炉数量已从2010年的57台猛增至400多台，可以处理每年排放的约2.2亿吨城市垃圾的五分之一。
注：
incineration：焚化;烧成灰
Eg：incineration of municipal refuse
城市垃圾焚化
Poorer countries (including Indonesia) continue to rely on landfills, but these have also been getting more sanitary. Bekasi, which receives 7,000 tonnes of rubbish a day, now covers trash heaps with black plastic that captures the methane gas and other pollutants. In 2008-2014 Morocco increased the proportion of rubbish deposited in sanitary landfills rather than open dumps from 10% to 53%. This is expected to rise to 80% once five additional facilities are completed.
虽然一些较贫穷的国家（如印度尼西亚）仍然依赖垃圾填埋场，但它们也正变得更加卫生。印尼勿加泗填埋场每天接收7000吨垃圾，如今采用黑色塑料膜来覆盖垃圾，以此来收集甲烷气体和其他污染物。2008至2014年，摩洛哥送往卫生填埋场的垃圾比例从10%增加到53%。另外五个垃圾处理场建成后，这一比例有望提升至80%。
注：
sanitary: adj. 卫生的，清洁的
Eg：The sanitary conditions in this restaurant are abominable.
这家饭馆的卫生状况糟透了。
Many authorities enlist the private sector, while monitoring how it performs. Istanbul accelerated a switch to private providers in 2003 after discovering they were a third more efficient than the public sector. In Nepal operators are paid based on how many households get daily collection. Five Moroccan cities, home to a quarter of the kingdom’s people, use citizen report cards when deciding to renew contracts with providers. Collection rates in Lahore, Pakistan’s commercial capital, shot up from 51% to 88% once the city hired a private company to manage its rubbish. Lorries are monitored with GPS trackers to measure performance and ensure that unscrupulous trash collectors do not dump the stuff illegally rather than drive it to formal disposal sites.
许多政府在向私营机构谋求帮助的同时也会监控其运作方式。伊斯坦布尔政府发觉私营机构处理垃圾的效率比公共部门高出了三分之一，于是在2003年开始加快转向私营提供商。在尼泊尔，运营商的报酬以日均家庭垃圾收集量为依据。摩洛哥的五个大城市里，居住着该国四分之一的人口。政府根据公民报告卡来决定是否与供应商续签合同。自签约一家私营企业来管理垃圾处理事务以来，巴基斯坦商业之都拉合尔的垃圾收集率由51%飙升至88%。管理者可以通过GPS定位系统监控运送垃圾的车辆，以保证某些不老实的垃圾回收员能够将垃圾运送到正规的垃圾处理地点，而不是非法倾倒。
注：
citizen report cards：简便有效的一种评估政府公共服务的方式；给予公民参与公共服务管理的权利；发源于印度，后在一些国家中普及。
enlist: v. 谋取…的赞助或帮助
Eg: I didn't think you'd enlist backup.
我没想到你会呼叫增援。
Informal workers, or rag-pickers, remain an important part of the system. UN Habitat, the United Nations agency for human settlements, believes that such people can collect 50-100% of rubbish at no cost to municipalities. The World Bank estimates that they pick 20% of China’s municipal waste. “Waste-pickers know physics, chemistry, economics,” marvels Gonzalo Muñoz, founder and boss of TriCiclos, a Chilean waste-management company. “They don’t know they know—but they do.” That is just as well, for ordinary citizens lack this knowledge. In China, for instance, a new requirement for big cities to install colour-coded bins in public areas and buildings has shown mixed results, with few citizens knowing what to throw where.
无正式工作者和拾荒者仍是垃圾处理系统中的重要一环。联合国人居署（UN Habitat,），即联合国负责人类居住事宜的机构，认为这些人可以为城市无偿收集50%至100%的垃圾。世界银行估算他们拾走了中国20%的城市垃圾。智利废弃物回收公司TriCiclos的创始人兼老板贡萨洛·穆尼奥斯(Gonzalo Muñoz)惊叹道：“拾荒者们通晓物理、化学、经济学知识。他们不知道自己知道这么多，但他们确实知道。”这也是好事，毕竟一般的市民缺乏这方面的知识。例如，中国出台了一项新规定，即要求大城市在公共场所和大楼里配备不同颜色的垃圾桶。然而这项规定带来的效果并不是特别理想，因为很少有人完全明白如何对垃圾进行分类。
This explains why the Chinese authorities tolerate informal waste-pickers. Local governments in other countries actively embrace the sector, which is thought to include more than 15m people worldwide. A Brazilian law from 2010 recognised co-operatives of such catadores as service providers. This granted them access to benefits such as pensions. Their national union won the rights to clean up football stadiums during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. Technology is making informal collection more efficient. Mobile apps to match scavengers with rubbish producers are proliferating. Last year a free mobile app called Cataki, which links those throwing stuff away with those collecting it, was launched in São Paulo. Indian raddiwallahs in Bengaluru have used a similar app called “I Got Garbage” since 2014.
这就解释了中国政府为何能够容忍以非常规方式存在的的拾荒者。该群体已经被其他国家的地方政府欣然接纳，人数在世界范围内已超过1500万。2010年的一项巴西法律承认了由拾荒者组成的合作社为服务提供商。这使他们能够享受到养老金等福利。这些拾荒者们的全国工会取得了在2014年巴西世界杯期间清理足球场的权利。科技正使得非正规形式的垃圾回收变得更加高效。能够匹配拾荒者与制造垃圾的人的手机APP大量增加。去年，圣保罗推出一款名为Cataki的免费手机APP，该软件能够在扔垃圾的人和回收垃圾的人之间建立特定联系。自2014年以来，班加罗尔的拾荒者就一直在使用一款类似的APP，名为“我有垃圾（I Got Garbage）”。
注：
rag-picker, waste-picker, catadore, scavenger, raddiwallah 都有“拾荒者”的意思。
Americans talk trash
美国人空谈垃圾
In rich countries like America, the absence of professional waste-pickers presents a problem. The general public is not very good at sorting rubbish. Households and businesses serviced by municipal waste-management providers may actually have got worse at sorting in the past 20 years, says Peter Keller of Republic Services, America’s second-biggest waste-management firm, which runs Newby Island in San Jose.
在富裕国家，如美国，缺乏专业拾荒者是个问题。普通大众并不擅长垃圾分类。美国第二大废品管理公司Republic Services位于圣何塞纽比岛，该公司的彼得·凯勒表示，过去20年间，由市政废品管理供应商服务的家庭和企业在垃圾分类上做的更差了。
Citizens of rich countries, where almost 100% of municipal waste gets collected, take such services for granted—unless the collectors go on strike, as happened in the Belgian city of Ghent in early August, leaving streets in a stink for days. In some industrialised nations, increasingly, residents are charged based on volume (known as “pay-as-you-throw”). To encourage sorting, such schemes often exempt recyclables. In Taipei, the binmen will only accept unsorted general waste in official bags, which come in different sizes at different prices. They inspect recyclables to weed out cheats. The recyclables then proceed to materials-recovery facilities (MRFs) for further triage. General waste is whisked to incinerators or (now rarely in Taiwan’s case) landfills.
在富裕国家，城市垃圾的收集率接近100%，因而市民理所应当地享受这样的服务——除非垃圾收集商罢工，正如8月初在比利时根特市发生的一样，结果是街道多日臭气熏天。在一些工业化国家，越来越多的居民需要按照垃圾体积缴费（即“扔多少付多少”）。为了鼓励居民对垃圾分类，这种垃圾收费制度常常将可回收垃圾排除。在台北，清洁工人只接受装在官方规定使用袋子里的未分类的普通垃圾，这些袋子大小不一，价格也不尽相同。他们会检查里面是否有可回收垃圾以防有人蒙混过关。接着，可回收物会被送到垃圾回收厂（MRFs）等待进一步分类。而一般废弃物会被迅速运往焚化炉或者垃圾埋填场（如今在台湾很少见）。
注：
①whisk: v. to take someone or something quickly away from a place将[某人或某物]急忙送离[某地]
Eg. The ambulance whisked him off to a hospital.救护车风驰电掣般地把他送往医院。
②weed out 清除；淘汰；除去
Eg: Developers should specify filtering rules to weed out data they do not want.
开发人员应该指定筛选规则来清除他们不想要的数据。
In many parts of Europe and America rubbish collection is generally paid for by municipal taxes and the garbage disappears to huge facilities like Newby Island. The plant’s operator, Republic Services, runs 91 MRFs nationwide, next door to landfills (of which it runs 191) or incinerators (of which it owns 114) which burn waste to produce electricity. It receives 156 trucks carrying 1,600 tonnes each day from as far afield as Fresno, 200km to the east. That is down from 2,200 tonnes a day a few years ago. The volume of recyclables has reached 1,400 tonnes a day, a lot by American standards, says Mr Keller.
在欧洲和美国的许多地方，垃圾收集费用一般由市政税收承担，而垃圾在纽比岛这样的大型设备中被处理干净。该工厂的运营商Republic Services在全国范围内设有毗邻垃圾填埋场（开设了191家）的91座垃圾回收厂，或是焚烧垃圾来发电的焚化炉（拥有114家）。每天有156辆卡车运载1600吨垃圾，从远达东部200公里处的弗雷斯诺运到纽比岛。相比于几年前的日均2200吨，该数值已有所下降。凯勒先生表示，日均可回收垃圾体积已达1400吨，按美国标准来看已经很多了。
That should come as no surprise. After all, inhabitants of the San Francisco Bay area pride themselves >More than 100 sorters try to pluck such items from the stream before that happens. Even so, a big plant like Newby experiences on average five such stoppages every day. Such disruptions cost the city of Phoenix in Arizona $1m a year in stalled equipment and repairs.
然而这应该不足为奇。毕竟旧金山湾区的居民以自己的回收天赋为豪。该地区的垃圾回收率高达80%，位居发达国家中回收率最高的城市之一。因此，正如凯勒（Keller）所说的，如果旧金山人发觉他们中的大多数人并不擅长回收垃圾，他们可能会大为震惊。“一条蓝色牛仔裤能让整条生产线堵上一个小时，”他抱怨道。为防止此类事故，100多名分类员试图提前从生产线上挑出这些牛仔裤。即便如此，像纽比这样的大工厂平均每天都会经历五次这样的停工。亚利桑那州凤凰城每年因设备故障和维修而损失100万美元。
Scott Smithline, who oversees recycling at California’s Environmental Protection Agency, cites two possible reasons. The first is that many people do not know what is recyclable. Beer bottles and soft-drink cans are, he says. Egg cartons and glossy magazines are not, for there is no market for the materials of which they are made. Some things are recyclable on their own, but not when combined, such as “paper” cups lined with plastic film. It is hard to blame consumers for feeling increasingly baffled, he admits.
加州环境保护局负责回收工作的斯科特·史密斯莱恩（Scott Smithline）列举了两个可能的原因。首先，很多人不知道什么东西是可回收的。他表示，啤酒瓶和饮料罐都是可回收物。蛋盒和光纸印刷的杂志则不然，因为制作它们的原材料并没有市场。有些东西是可以单独回收的，但与其他东西混杂到一起后就不一样了，比如内衬塑料薄膜的纸杯。消费者愈发对此分类感到困惑，但他也承认，这不能怪罪于他们。
注：
①glossy adj. 光洁的;光滑的
Eg：glossy magazine
用优质有光纸印刷的杂志（含有许多图片）；服装杂志
②baffle v. 阻碍；使迷惑
Eg：an unexplained occurrence that baffled everyone.
一件让人人感到困惑的怪事。
The other problem is that residents >It snapped up tonnes of imperfectly sorted Western waste, preferring it to the even more impure refuse available at home.
另一个问题是，居民只需要把可回收的东西和不可回收的东西分开(尽管现在也出现了有机垃圾的堆肥箱)。罐头、瓶子和纸张都被扔进了同一个垃圾箱里。在某种程度上，这种混合物可以在纽比岛内的工厂分类，它得益于一项利用光学传感器和磁铁来自动分离物品的巧妙技术。尽管谈到垃圾分类，没有什么东西能与人力相匹敌，但在上世纪90年代中国回收行业腾飞时，它们已经足以满足中国日益增长的、对各种材料都有需求的制造商们。这种技术倾向于处理数吨未完全分类的西方垃圾，而不是国内更加混杂的垃圾。
As the volume of recyclables swelled in America and Europe, the quality of recycled output declined because everything was mixed in together. This did not trouble MRF operators so long as they could offload their increasingly impure stock abroad. Then China announced it would not accept any plastics or cardboard, and American waste-management companies have been scrambling to find what to do with their poor-quality waste.
虽然美国和欧洲可回收垃圾数量有所增加，但是由于所有东西都混在一起，因此可回收物品的质量不断下滑。然而只要垃圾回收厂运营商们能将混杂其他东西的垃圾库存转移到海外，可回收物品质量的下降对他们来说就不是问题。就在这时，中国宣布将不再接受任何塑料制品或纸板，随之而来的是美国垃圾管理公司继续努力寻求解决途径，来处理它们的劣质垃圾。
Efforts are springing up to teach residents how better to sort their rubbish. Some American and European cities now pick up different materials on alternate days.
各种指导居民更好地进行垃圾分类的措施正不断涌现。如今，在美国和欧洲的一些城市隔天回收不同的垃圾材料。
注：
①spring up 涌现
Eg：There's a lot of talk these days about startup springing up in Silicon Valley and New York and everywhere in between.
这些天有很多人在谈论硅谷和纽约涌现的新兴公司，而且它们是无处不在。
②on alternate days 隔天
Eg：He worked out every other day with weights, with some kind of running work on alternate days.
他每隔一天练一次举重，间隔的那一天练跑步。
Reverse-vending machines, which accept empty drinks bottles and return money to users, are appearing in supermarkets. More cities are adopting pay-as-you-throw schemes. Consumer habits will take longer to change. Developing countries need to concentrate on getting binmen to the kerb of every residence and help stop people throwing trash into rivers. The developed world needs to relearn how to recycle. The Chinese ban has lent all of this a new urgency.
超市里出现了反向自动售货机，它能够回收空饮料瓶并将返钱给用户。越来越多的城市开始采用“扔多少付多少”的计划。消费者的习惯还需要更多的时间才能得以改变。发展中国家需要集中精力让清洁工走到居民区的边缘，以阻止人们往河里倾倒垃圾。发达国家需要重新学习如何回收垃圾。中国的禁令让这一切行动变得更加紧迫。
翻译组：
Sofia，翻译硕士，专八，备考二笔中
Zeppelin，背包客，英专，口语爱好者
Delia，养鱼养猫养花，闲不住的打工女
Evelyn，女，英专本科生，经济学人粉丝
Victoria，刚完成考研党，经济学人爱好者
校对组：
Anna，文学爱好者，期待变优秀
Rachel，爱吃火锅的处女座翻译生
Sindy，英语专业，CATTI备考，工作党
Lance，冒牌美少女，认识几个字母的万年烤鸭
3
观点|评论|思考
本次评论
VeRy，男，电气民工，经济学人资浅爱好者
一天在和女儿玩，结果不小心把佩奇的一条胳膊扯断了，这可价值40亿美元呀，女儿向来追求完美，所以即便是她最心爱的玩具，在缺胳膊少腿的情况下面临的下场也免不了是被抛弃掉，她像模像样地给她举行了隆重的葬礼：佩奇躺在中间，周围一圈摆满了用红纸剪出来的爱心，佩奇头上还戴上了皇冠。女儿又命令我和妈妈与她一道围着佩奇走了三圈。这套仪式她是从哪里学来不得而知，但在我看来上一次一家人围着一头猪的时光，还要追溯到全家吃烤乳猪的时候。所以女人们，无论大小，追求所谓的仪式感，大概是长在骨子里的了，没办法改变，我只能心里默默苦笑。
一切完毕之后，女儿手里捧着装着佩奇的纸板盒跑来问我该如何处理。虽然幼稚园里老师教过简单的垃圾分类，但是对于准“棺材”的处置，对她来说还是太难了。不仅是她，对我来说也是艰苦异常。我庆幸的不仅仅是女儿有了垃圾分类的意识，更重要的是她能够去面对成长的阴影。有光必然有阴影，死亡是生命的阴影，苦楚是幸福的阴影，失恋是爱情的阴影，一点点奶茶+烤串是减肥的阴影（这句话是赠给小编的），垃圾是发展的阴影。坦然面对是应对阴影的唯一良方，你可以把这些阴影藏在内心深处，藏在荒郊野外，藏在午夜十二点以后，但这并不代表它们不存在，而且你也无法抹去它们的存在，阴影可怕之处在于两点：一是你知道它们永远存在，二是它们有时会从深处钻出来，狠狠地扎你一下，又马上缩回去，待你要找时，却又寻它不着了。大约在两岁不到的时候，女儿便问我死亡是什么，我寻思半天无法回答，幸好家长群里有个智慧之人，说可以这么向小孩子解释：死亡是那些人永远地去了一个美好的地方，叫做天堂。我如此向女儿解释，她很满意，知道一个她关心的人去了一个美好的地方，虽然见不着了，但是还是很替他开心。我想这大概就是面对阴影最坦然也是最积极的方式。有些家长忌讳死亡，便不作正面回答，只是说你还小，不懂；有些则是直直地说：死亡就是什么都没了，令得孩子伤心半天（其实我本也想如此回答的）。
勇敢、合理以及巧妙地回答和应对阴影，是人类自身成长的必然要求。作为动物的一种，我们必然要摄入食物，也必然要排泄废物；我们不停地制造产品，而且大约至少在2025年前是不会停歇了的，那我们必然也会不停地产生代谢物。举个简单的例子，大众的认知里太阳能大概是环保且清洁的能源，殊不知在各道生产过程中会产生大量的废弃物，而且污染较为严重，以笔者较为熟悉的硅片生产过程为例，这个生产过程就会产生大量的酸雾以及混杂硅、铁和碳化硅的聚乙二醇混合物，而且很难简单将其分离和处理。所以我们看到各式漂亮的太阳能设备就如同爱情甜蜜时的亲亲我我，确实羡煞旁人。但是制造时的废弃物就如同失恋时的痛苦般永远地留在了我们心底，而且可怕的是虽然中国是光伏产品的制造大国，却不是消费大国，大部分的产品都是销往国外，大概境界来说白求恩也不过如此吧。
勇敢面对我们发展过程中的阴影也正考验着执政者的良知。面对也就是公之于众，晒在太阳底下，而不是借WW的名义全部掩埋在滚滚黄土之下。高速发展这么多年，我们还是需要进行反思，我们的意识是否也如经济般在高速发展提高呢？我们发展过程中的附赠物（发展过程中的排泄物以及对于环境的破坏）是否被恰当地处置？我们不能在发展已经从求量转变为求质时来苛责别的国家用环境的代价来发展经济，强迫它们进行可持续发展，这和我们曾经想要去屠杀的恶龙有何分别？就如同今日的巴西一般，全世界都在谴责他们对于亚马逊森林的肆意破坏，但是如果时间退回到几十年前，甚至上百年前，整个世界都在如此之时，谁还有脸面来对他的行为说三道四呢？（可能会写一篇专门讲这个的）而且不是一再措辞不干涉他国内政吗？
垃圾分类本身并没有错，但是如果只是借由这个行为来彰显些什么，或者事情就在分类完毕后到此为止了，那么大概伟大的事业也大概也就如此了。从种种的迹象来看，我们仍然缺乏直面阴影、直面自己错误的勇气，因为我们将它们装进了一口密封的透明棺材，能看却要假装看不见，有嘴却不能说，有手却碰不着。却不知阴影就在身后，常伴左右。
且问，到底何时有勇气去面对自己的过去？望你再早一些，再早一些！
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