m out.
3.
1. reputation, rigid, to inspire
2. and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas
3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back
Ⅱ.
1. composed
2. severe
3. agony
4. extraordinary
5. recall
6. command
7. was violating
8. anticipate
Ⅲ.
1. at
2. for
3. of
4. with
5. as
6. about
7. to
8. in, in
9. from
10. on/upon
Comprehensive Exercises
Ⅰ. Cloze
1.
1. hold back
2. tedious
3. scanned
4. recall
5. vivid
6. off and on
7. turn out/in
8. career
2.
1. last
2. surprise
3. pulled
4. blowing
5. dressed
6. scene
7. extraordinary
8. image
9. turn
10. excitement
Ⅱ. Translation
1.
1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mothertold me to.
2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his badhabit of smoking before it took hold.
3. Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high duringthe next few months, they have decided to increase itsproduction.
4. It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violatingthe company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired forcontinually violating the company’s safety rules.
5. It is reported that the government has taken proper measures toavoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The localgovernment is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid thepossibility of a severe water shortage.
2.
Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, shedidn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (beable to) walk again.
One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true storycaught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vividdescription of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatlyinspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be baleto lead a useful life.
Unit 2 Friendship
I. Vocabulary
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box.
1) absolutely
2) available
3) every now and then
4) are urging/ urged
5) destination
6) mostly
7) hangs out
8) right away
9) reunion
10) or something
11) estimate
12) going ahead
2. Rewriting
1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on hismind.
2) He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing inthe final minutes of the game.
3) She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.
4) Something has come up and I am afraid
I won’t be able to accomplish the project ontime.
5) The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2million.
3. Complete the sentences.
1) were postponed the awful is estimated
2) reference not available an kind of
3) not much of a teacher skips go ahead
II. Collocation
1. to
2. for
3. at
4. from
5. in
6. to on
7. on
8. with
III. Usage
1. more or less
2. kind of/ sort of
3. something
4. kind of/ sort of
5. more or less
6. or something
Comprehensive exercises
I. Cloze
1. text-related
1) choked up
2) awful
3) practically
4) neighborhood
5) correspondence
6) available
7) destination
8) reunion
9) Mostly
10) postponing
11) absolutely
2. Theme-related
1) how
2) savings
3) embarrassment
4) phone
5) interrupted
6) touch
7) envelop
8) signed
9) message
10) needed
II. Translation
1. Translate the sentences.
1) Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. Wehad to walk home.
2) Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because shehasn’t learned the texts by heart.
3) Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as wellvisit the museum.
4) He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way throughWWⅡ.
5) Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kindof lost touch with my classmates.
2. Translate the passage.
It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away. This is truein my case.
It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood andall the friends there. I have been meaning to write to them butthings come up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They arealways on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make aneffort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.
Unit 3
I Vocabulary
1
1) brief 2) in terms of 3) cut off 4) tend
5) anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8) initiative
9) convey 10) in two minds 11) concept 12) grasp
2
1) has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.
2)medical workers’ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescuethe dying.
3)entertain as well as educate the learner.
4)can do without air and water.
5)is likely to be held in June.
3
1)lies in contact between
2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment
3)the steady will be highly
II Word Formation
1 regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled
5 precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich
IIIAntonyms
1) majority 2) accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses
5) local 6) late 7)wrong 8)false
Comprehensive exercises
I Close
1.Text-related
1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient
6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure
2. Theme-related
1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another
6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10) Someday
II Translation
1) As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become oneof the most serious problems humans are faced with.
2) Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times asmany applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five timesas many applicants this year as there were last year.
3) As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into thenational plan for economical development.
4) The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almosttwice as much as I intend to pay.
5) To understand a great international event, we, first of all,need to consider the historical and political background toit.
2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without somany conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Backthen only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comfortsof life. The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not tospeak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated. However, manypeople blame modern technology for creating so many problems. Theywant to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put theclock back.
Unit 4
Vocabulary
1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle
5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with
9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles
2.
1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/wasdetermined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.
2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around theworld.
3) for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her businessis small and she could provide no guarantee.
4) express her thoughts with precision, so people oftenmisunderstand her.
5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in theshortest possible time.
3.
1) for sale hunting for be amazed by
2) become skilled handle their loans
3)character by calling on he passed away
II Confusable words
1. 1) personal 2) personnel
2. 1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3)some time 4) sometime
III Euphemism
de hcgabf
Comprehensive Exercises
I Close
1. Text-related
1)sponsored 2)determination 3) turned away 4) assumed 5)capacity
6)skilled 7)loan 8) character 9) hunting 10) for sale 11) sendfor
2. Theme-related
1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4) grow 5) dream
6) immigrants 7)business 8) engineering 9)invest 10) rich
III Translation
1) It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan whichthey hope will be acceptable to both sides.
2) Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attackedby giant snakes.
3) Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot beprevented, but action can be taken to protect life andproperty.
4) I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurriedhome, anxious to amuse myself reading it.
5) Helen lacks confidence.
I’ve never known anyone so unsure ofherself.
2.
After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his ownbusiness. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request fora loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call onone banker after another seeking help. Impressed by hisdetermination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan himthe money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking abouthis amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to createrather than wait for opportunities.
Unit 5
Vocabulary
I.1
1) monthly 2) acquaintances 3)classic 4) look; in the eye5)manufactured 6) options 7)finance
8) replacement 9) survived 10) pick out 11) married 12) grabbedat
2.
1) survived a car crash that killed both her parents.
2) almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to thewhole class.
3) of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injuredpupils.
4) several phone calls making inquiries about the position of theChief Financial Officer.
5) straighten out all your financial problems if you join ourclub.
3.
1) inquiry; died of hunger; people survied2) Instantly; give uphis; retire; replace him; executive 3) his beloved; odd jobs; andall that
II Word Formation
1. embarrassment 2. survivors 3. newly 4. marketable 5. monthly 6.competition 7. conceivable
8. respectable
III. Usage
1. the poor 2. The deceased/The dead 3. the disabled 4. the French5. The accused 6. the young 7. the unemployed 8. the latter…theformer…
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. Text-related
1) died of 2) instantly 3) classic 4)ask around 5) surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8) replacement
9) stock 10) look…in the eye
2. Theme-related
1) impressed 2) diligence 3) Instead 4) Contrary 5) professionally6) perform 7) personal
8) balance 9) commitment 10) revealed
II. Translation
1.
1) I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d betterask around.
2) Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat andlooked up at the painting on the wall.
3) Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wifeElizabeth.
4) As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money inthe stock market.
5) We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricingand sales.
2.
My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. Heworks six days a week. Every day he has to straighten out variouskinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights. However,he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work andfamily. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us asmuch as he can. To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dishedand plays ball with us.
Unit 6
Vocabulary
Ⅰ
1.
1) Fertile
2) Reflected
3) Overseas
4) Slim
5) Split
6) Sustained
7) Glow
8) Thrust
9) Keen
10) Bud
11) Previous
12) Whichever
2.
1) The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroomdisgusts me.
2) Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of hermother.
3) A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place farfrom cities.
4) I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martincome in.
5) The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip theball.
3.
1) to broaden; make their way
2) disgusts; take a chance on
3) the grand; and overseas; reflected
Ⅱ
1. 1) frightened 2) afraid/ frightened
2. 1) alike/similar 2) similar
3. 1) alive 2) living
4. 1) sleeping 2) asleep
Ⅲ
1. 1) disappointed 2) disappointment 3) disappointing 4)disappoint
5) disappointingly 6) disappointing
2. 1) attractive 2) attract 3) attraction 4) attractively 5)unattractively
6) unattractive
Comprehension Exercises
ⅠCloze
1. Text-related
1) Identifying 2) gripped 3) margins 4)corresponding 5) overseas6)little 7)hesitate
8)grateful 9) made my way 10) going my way
2. Theme-related
1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4) another 5) threw 6) deliberately 7)reasoned 8) himself
9) restaurant 10) matter
ⅡTranslation
1.
1) Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a fewwords of wisdom which impressed me deeply.
2) Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be verygrateful to you (for it).
3) At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensiblesuggestions about improving our working environment.
4) The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% payrise in response to union pressure.
5) It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house athorough cleaning before we arrived.
2. Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he locatedthe addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families buthad a keen desire to study. From then on he sent them moneyregularly. Later the two made their way to college, and even got achance to study overseas.
Unit 7
Content Questions
Pair Work
1. He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when itserves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.
2. Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence intheir daily life.
3. He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.
4. She wanted to get more pineapple.
5. He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.
6. It shows he is clever and sly. He ate up the fruit leavingnothing but stems to share with Miles.
7. They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in theirinterest to do so.
8. The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but hedoesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.
9. Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had workedwith.
10. Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate anddelivered a baby whale.
11. Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhereinaccessible.
12. Towan hid his orange underneath his foot. The act reveals someanimals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.
Text Organization
1. Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, atleast, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences ofthose who are in close contact with animals are more convincingevidence than that any experiments can provide.
2. Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to knowhow to bargain with people.
Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and actaccordingly.
Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.
Language Sense Enhancement
1. (1) controversy (2) consciousness (3) explore (4) serves theirown purposes
(5) encounter (6) lack of it (7) convinced (8) mental feats (9)captivity (10) humans
Language Focus
I. Vocabulary
1. 1) go (very) far 2) has expanded 3) in the interest(s) of 4)only to
5) encountered 6) has cooperated 7) assessed 8) (had)switched
9) horizons 10) gaze 11) disaster 12) wiped out
2. 1) … a long/long running controversy over whether the bookshould be published or not
2) … felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gonesmoothly
3) ... suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in themiddle of writing the essay
4) … is obvious that our company is still maintaining itscomposition as market leader in software.
5) … give in until they give her a pay rise
3. 1) have undertaken, original, to explore
2) evidence convinced, underneath, extending to
3) to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore
II. Confusable Words
1. firstly 2. first, first 3. At first 4. First/Firstly
5. first 6. First 7. at first 8. first
III. Usage
1. animal intelligence whose
2. zoo keeper where
3. eye contact through what
4. money supply of what
5. killer whale what kind
6. baby whale how old
7. family member of what
8. sea turtle what kind/where
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. (1) emergency (2) evidence (3) original (4) sizing up
(5) negotiates (6) reveal (7) make a deal (8) dominant
(9) in their interest(s) (10) deceiving (11) controversy
(12) judgment (13) explore
2. (1) protect (2) However (3) type (4) situation (5) sights
(6) together (7) rang (8) associate (9) without (10)environment
II. Translation
1. 1) A local business undertook the project but went bankruptbefore it was completed.
2) Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use ittonight.
3) We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped outin the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.
4) My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in thatcondition
5) Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’sdeath/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.
2. When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown. Therewhat attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later werereleased from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill. Twentyyears later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hillwas still there, but greatly extended. Moving around now were sixtigers, old and young, instead of two!
Unit 8
Pair work
1. She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mentalcalculation.
2. Children can’t spell correctly; their knowledge of word historyand geography is non-existent
3. He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians atU.C.L.A. He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.
4. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorantlabor force.
5. To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message totoday’s teenagers.
6. He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.
7. They can’t read or write. They place their hopes on theirchildren.
8. He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.
9. Because he has no education, no useful skill, and nodiscipline.
10. Americans stop demanding good education foe children. Machinesdo all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.
11. Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation risefrom the ashes.
12. He finally comes to realize the importance of study.
Work on your own
1.
Part one paras.1-10
Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects onall concerned and society as a whole.
Part two paras.11-24
Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack ofeducation costs his forebears, himself, his children and thesociety they live in, and how important it is to study hard.
2.
Part one
Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance
Part two
Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectualfather),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.
America is on the decline.
There is no law and order in the country.
America children have no chance to receive a good education.
Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans andAsians.
Language sense enhancement
Indifference (1)
Summed up (2)
Preferred (3)
Financial （4）
Accumulated （5）
Intellectual （6）
Affect （7）
Industrial （8）
Idle （9）
Break down （10）
Vocabulary
I
1.
1. industrial
2. idle
3. is functioning
4. intellectual
5. scared
6. handful
7. luxury
8. private
9. work up
10. slice
11. miracle
12. was jammed
2.
1. to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。
2. is a matter of total indifference to me.
3. drove home the point that they needed extra people
4. was found after they searched for it for a long time
5. had run out of water by the time they got to the camp
3.
1. manual and complex its financial
2. was very upset make a living by swore was/became much betteroff
3. handful ignorant of paintings/ works summed up
II
1. The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.
2. What made you change your mind?
3. I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer.
4. The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make itvomit.
5. The story makes interesting reading.
6. Five and five make ten.
7. On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.
8. I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top
III
1
(1) developing
(2) develop
(3) development
(4) develop
(5) developing developed
2
(1) amazed
(2) amazes
(3) amazingly
(4) amazing
(5) amazement
Comprehensive exercise
I. CLOZE
1. TEXT-RELATED
(1) complex
(2) idle
(3) make a living by
(4) accumulated
(5) affect
(6) function
(7) faculties
(8) ignorant
(9) wake up
2. THEME-RELATED
(1) dormitory
(2) passing
(3) leaping
(4) department
(5) burned
(6) destroyed
(7) seriously
(8) marriages
(9) report
(10) perspective
II TRANSLATION
1) Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect toget/ be employed as a teacher.
2) With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.
3) In my humble opinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spendone’s leisure.
4) Some people said it was simply a miracle that the Americanathlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 BeijingOlympic Games.
5) The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash ourclothes by hand.
This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portableradio: a man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same classcompeting with each other for high marks. The story goes/ It’s likethis:
The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young.With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earnan adequate living wage. His life experiences drove home to him thepoint that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able toaccumulate wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school withhis son, determined to learn.
