时态
用法
例示
一般现在时
现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用
We always care for each other and help each other.
He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
主语现在的特征，性格和状态
She is always ready to help others.
-do you sing? –a little
客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在
All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.
安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。
The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1996, two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。
The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。
When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.
We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.
We would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English.
He used to like football when I was at middle school.
过去发生的一系列动作
The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。
He said he would let us know if he got any news.
He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.
I didn’t know you bought the present for me.
语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”
一般将来时
Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心
He will be thirty years old next year.
If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.
Be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示
Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用
Be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定
We are to finish the work before five this year.
No one is to leave the cinema without the police’s police’s permission
瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 Go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off
They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday.
祈使句/短语+and/or +主语+will
Work hard and you’ll succeed
A bit more effort, and you will succeed.
将来完成时
表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
I hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.
过去将来时
Was/were going to
Was/were to
Was about to
Was/were + 现在分词
Was/were on the point of
现在进行时
表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作
Look! The boy is dozing off.
表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行）
How are you getting along with your English these days.
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）
The children are always making trouble.
She is always asking the same question.
瞬间动词表将来
过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）
瞬间动词表将来
描写故事的背景
It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor little girl was walking in the street.
用在复合句中
He was reading while his wife was cooking.
While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.
不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展
It was getting darker.
现在完成时
对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续
常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用
We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.
I haven’t seen him in the recent years.
表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与
several times, once, twice, 等频度副词
连用
I have watched him several times.
He has been to London twice.
用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。
I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.
We will set out at once if the rain has stopped
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程）
He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.
She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.
一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
过去完成时
表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。
I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990
表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等
We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.
They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.
用于no sooner… than; hardly… when的句型中
I had no sooner returned than he called.
时态比较
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成
现在完成进行时强调动作在继续
We have discussed the question with him.
We have been discussing the question with him all evening.
固定句型
By the end of
By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words.
By the end of this term, we will have learned…
It is the first time
It was the first time
It is high time that
It is the first time that you have visited our school.
It was the first time that you had visited…
It is high time that you came here.
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