打开APP
userphoto
未登录

开通VIP,畅享免费电子书等14项超值服

开通VIP
英语句子结构剖析(2)

1、For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals - no meat, no fur, no medicines.

结构分析:句子主干是:… a … woman … was distributing a brochure … ; woman后面的现在分词短语staffing an animal rights booth是woman的后置定语;brochure后面的that引导定语从句; anything后面的that引导定语从句;

译文:例如,在近期的一次集市上,一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子,规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类,毛皮,药物。

2、Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

结构分析:句子主干结构是:… the health research community should … recruit to its cause not only … but … ; because引导的原因状语从句;Stephen Cooper后面是一个who引导的非限制性定语从句;最后一个who引导定语从句修饰all;

译文:最后,因为最终决定因素是病人,医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取像史蒂芬·库博这样的名人的支持--他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定--而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。

3、Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.

结构分析:句子主干为:… we demand everything … ; 第一个逗号前为过去分词短语shielded引导的状语成分,第二个逗号后面是even if引导的让步状语从句;everything后面是that引导的定语从句,that在从句中作主语;

译文:由于医疗费用由第三方支付,我们常常要求用尽所有的医疗手段,即使它们不会有任何作用。

4、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

结构分析: 本句是由for连接的两个因果关系的并列句;for前面的部分是表示结果的分句,此句结构是when引导的状语从句+主句,主句主干结构是… it is advisable to …,其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构;动词不定式结构中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句,做find out的宾语;for后面的部分是表示原因的分句,此句结构是:让步状语从句+主句,主句主干结构是… it is possible that… ,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句;

译文: 当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时,理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在,因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议,将来都有可能被视为正常的。

5、The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.

结构分析: 本句主干部分是The … result has been to make entrance … harder for amateurs…; 第一个逗号后面是一个名词性短语,中心词是the result,后面是that引导的定语从句;此定语从句中包含两个并列状语,其结构为first by … and then by … ;

译文: 其总的结果是使业余人员的论文进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难,而审稿制度的全面引进使论文发表的难度进一步加大,这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志出现的,进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。

6、Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

结构分析: 本句主干结构是… this project has turned out to be … findings …; findings前面的mostly low-level是findings的修饰成分,后面的about … 介词结构是宾语findings的宾语补足语;逗号后面的过去分词结构combined是状语成分,表示一种伴随的动作;

译文: 遗憾的是,这次调查的结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现,诸如新闻报道中的事实错误、拼写或语法错误,以及特别令人费解的困惑:读者到底想读些什么。

7、A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming 'I wanted to spend more time with my family.'

结构分析: 本句句子主干是A lateral move … prompted me to …; move后面是that引导的定语从句,修饰a lateral move, that在从句做主语;第一个逗号后面的是状语成分,两个逗号之间的部分是插入语;

译文: 一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心,并阻碍了我的事业发展,这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业,当然,就像颜面扫尽的政府部长那样,我也掩饰说“我想多陪陪家人”。

8、 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of 'juggling your life' , and making the alternative move into 'downshifting' brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

结构分析: 本句主干结构是I have discovered … + that引导的宾语从句;as引导的句子是伴随状语,可以看作是插入语;在that引导的宾语从句中,主语是两个动名词短语:abandoning … and making …,谓语是brings;

译文: 我已经发现(由于压力过大,凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务,在这之后她也许会同样发现):放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学,转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报,比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。

9、The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

核心词汇详解:

research [rɪˈsɜ:tʃ] v.n. 调查、研究

institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn] n. 机构;制度、规定

consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] a. 一致的、连续的、持续的

achieve [əˈtʃi:v] vt.实现、完成;达到、得到 vi.达到预期目的

radical ['rædɪk(ə)l] a. 根本的;激进的

productivity [ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti] n. 生产率、生产力

standard ['stændəd] n. 标准 a. 标准的

短语:

as a result 因此

句子解析:

The findings of a research institution(主语) have consistently shown(谓语) that workers in all countries can be trained to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living(宾语从句).

在主语中,of a research institution是of结构做后置定语修饰核心主语findings;谓语中,consistently是副词修饰动词show;在宾语从句中,workers做主语,can be trained是谓语动词,to...是不定式结构做目的状语,在该目的状语中,由and连接两个并列成分higher productivity和higher standards of living,共同做achieve的宾语。

参考译文:一家研究机构的各项研究发现一致表明,所有国家的工人都可以通过培训从根本上达到更高的生产率,并且因此从根本上达到更高的生活标准。

10、According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was 'So much important attached to intellectual pursuits.'

核心词汇详解:

standard ['stændəd] n. 标准 a. 标准的

philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi] n. 哲学

nowhere [ˈnəʊweə(r)] adv. 任何地方都不、无处

colonial [kəˈləʊniəl] a.殖民地的、关于殖民的 n.殖民地居民

intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] n. 知识、智力 a. 智力的、有才智的

pursuit [pəˈsju:t] n.追赶、追求;职业、工作

短语:

according to 根据

attach importance to 重视

句子解析:

According to the standard history of American philosophy(状语), nowhere else in colonial America(地点状语)was(谓语)'So much important(主语)attached(谓语)to intellectual pursuits.'(状语)

本句为倒装句,当具有否定或半否定意义的词置于句首时,句子应部分倒装,即将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前;本句中带有否定形式的词组为nowhere else in colonial America置于句首,故be动词was提到主语之前。

本句的正常语序为So much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits nowhere else in colonial America.主语为So much importance,谓语为was attached,介词短语to intellectual pursuits做状语。

参考译文:根据美国哲学标准史的记载,在殖民时期的美国,其他任何地方都没有“如此重视对知识(或智力)的追求”。

11、More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

核心词汇详解:

construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 修建、建造

construction [kənˈstrʌkʃn]n. 建造、建筑物

researcher [rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r)] n. 研究员、调查者

discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] v. 发现、发觉

literate [ˈlɪtərət] a. 识字的、有文化的

illiterate [ɪˈlɪtərət] a. 不识字的、没文化的、没受过教育的

consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] a. 一致的、连续的、持续的

labor/labour ['leɪbə]n. 劳动、劳动力

productivity [ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti] n. 生产率、生产力

standard ['stændəd] n. 标准 a. 标准的

complexity [kəmˈpleksəti]n. 复杂、复杂性

句子解析:

在宾语从句中,illiterate,non-English speaking Mexican workers是主语,in Houston,Texas做其后置定语,met是谓语,best-practice labor productivity standards为宾语,despite引导让步状语从句。

句首while+现在分词短语做时间状语,相当于时间状语从句while the researchers were examining housing construction.

参考译文:最近,在检查房屋建筑时,研究人员发现:尽管建筑业的工作极其复杂,但在Houston和Texas的那些没有受过教育、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却始终能达到劳动生产率的最高标准。

12、We are fortunate that it is wrong, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.

核心词汇详解:

fortunate [ˈfɔ:tʃənət] a. 幸运的

improve [ɪmˈpru:v] v. 提高、改善

perform [pəˈfɔ:m] v. 表演、表现;执行

扩展:performance(上词perform的名词形式)→n. 表演、表现;执行

require [rɪ'kwaɪə] v. 需要、要求

generation [dʒenə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 代

句子解析:

该句的主干部分是:we are fortune that...,that it is是形容词fortunate的宾语从句;类似这种be+形容词+that/whether引导的宾语从句结构还有I’m sure that...,I’m afraid that...;其后紧跟一个because引导的原因状语从句,在该从句中,主语是由and连接的两个动名词短语组成(building...和putting...),would require为谓语,two or three generations为宾语。

参考译文:我们非常庆幸那个观点是错的,因为在这些国家建立新的教育系统并通过这种系统培养足够的人才来提高经济表现需要两三代人的时间。

13、Such big, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly improved the amount and significance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life indicating irresponsible wealth deprived from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally deprived from the responsible management of business.

句子主体:Such big, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly improved … shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

语法重点:该句是经典的非限定性定语从句,重点在其主语及宾语都包含很长的短语及of关于结构的限定,且该分句是由并列词and连接的3大部分构成。分句an element…landowners 又包含两个定语从句,one is :(which was)indicating… ,the other one is :(which was)deprived …。由此可知,定语从句的重难点在于常常省略“引导词+be”的这类structure,进而在语义理解上易与分词结构混为一谈。

句子翻译:对资产和商业的这类大规模的个人之外的操作极大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数目和重要程度。该阶层作为国计民生的一个元素,说明了非个人责任的财富与土地和土地所有者应尽职责的分割,并且也似乎与责任管理相分割。

翻译策略 :本质上定语从句与汉语的表达习惯并不相符。所以翻译时面对定语从句,千万不必机械地依据原来的顺序照搬照抄。像这类分句特别长的句子,把主句及分句拆为两个模块是比较好的方式。故此处从“这个阶层”开始再起一个新的句子。

14、Towns as Bournemouth and Istanbul sprang up to house large. ' comfortable' classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no any relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally participating in a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

句子主体 :Towns…sprang up…classes who…, and who…

语法重点:

第一是包含并列从句。分析句子主体部分极易捕捉到经典的定从结构,分句包括who…,and who…两类并列结构组建而成。注意as并非谓语而是介词短语去承担定语的角色,主句的真正谓语为sprang of,retire on表意为“依靠什么而退休(后边多承接表示收入的名词或名词类短语)”。

第二是that of drawing dividends 这一结构中,draw表示收取,dividend指利润,that of something结构是名词类结构,that of something表示which is这样的结构,其功能均是修饰前面的名词。特别注意:还有之后的participating in…是省略了which were的定从结构,把of something结构及定从结构交替搭配是英语中长难句的习惯套路,目的在于使得文章不死板单调。

句型翻译:如Bournemouth和Istanbul这类城市的繁荣,大量退出的的享乐人士依靠自身的收入,在此处过着安逸的日子。他们与整个群体不曾联系,仅是参与分取红利,偶尔涉及股东会议,对管理层发布命令。

翻译策略:同样是为了不涉及定语从句,将主句及分句拆分为两句。要注重几类短语的解读。retire on依靠……退休/have…relation…to和……有关系/up to 到达……的规模。

15、Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

[结构分析]

这是一个强调句,基本结构是it is…suffering…that makes…so fascinating,被强调部分是humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought,其中的中心词是suffering,有两个修饰成分:humankind’s long和at the mercy of flood and drought(受旱涝摆布)都做suffering的定语。suffering这个词除了是被强调的部分外,还是后面that引导的从句的主语;在that引导的从句中,ideal做宾语,带有of引导的动名词短语forcing the waters to do our bidding(让河水听我们吩咐)这个定语;so fascinating做ideal的宾语补语,说明ideal的特点。

[参考译文]也许正是因为人类长期以来遭受旱涝摆布的痛苦,才使他们制服洪水的理想显得如此令人着迷。

本站仅提供存储服务,所有内容均由用户发布,如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击举报
打开APP,阅读全文并永久保存 查看更多类似文章
猜你喜欢
类似文章
【热】打开小程序,算一算2024你的财运
解析英语复杂长句
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背
考研英语:“见招拆招”之长难句
3.高考文言文精讲:词类活用
灵活处理定语从句先行词和句子作用
561英语长难句阅读5
更多类似文章 >>
生活服务
热点新闻
分享 收藏 导长图 关注 下载文章
绑定账号成功
后续可登录账号畅享VIP特权!
如果VIP功能使用有故障,
可点击这里联系客服!

联系客服