与静态拉伸相比,一段时间的动态拉伸被认为是更安全的可行的方法, 当前的认识是,将静态拉伸作为热身的组成部分有利于特定的运动表现。文献表明,短时间的拉伸不会影响长期的表现,因此建议不要使用长时间的拉伸。拉伸可以减少特定运动(即,短期高强度刺激将要使用的主要肌肉)的不利影响,并应在主要任务之前进行。具有广泛认同的是,包括 PAP 在内的热身运动,可以提高爆发性活动的运动表现。使用 PAP 刺激时要记住的最重要的事情是,不同的个体达到最大的增强作用所需的时间不同。刺激应该是具有特异性的,并在随后持续5至10分钟的休息恢复。对于强度和疲劳之间的平衡加以考虑,可以优化运动表现。当前研究中,关于热身的另一个考量是在热身和比赛之间的过渡阶段保持已经升高的温度的重要性。在热身后的休息期间保持体温对于避免随后的表现下降来说,至关重要,例如, 应使用保暖服以最大程度地减少这种表现损失。 表 1 列出了本文中分析的热身程序的一些建议
这项工作得到了葡萄牙科学技术基金会 IP 在项目 UID / DTP / 04045/2019 以 及 欧 盟 通 过COMPETE 2020 计划(POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006969)-竞争-积极性与国际化(PO-词: 纲领 竞争性国际竞争)。贝拉内政大学/社会科学与人文学院和桑坦德大学提供的研究奖学金也对此提供了支持(BI / Santander / UBI / FCSH/ CD / 2015)
参考文献
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中国体育科学学会体能训练分会
China Sports Science Society for Strength and Conditioning