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Lesson 25
Lesson 25 自学导读First things first

  课文详注 Further notes on the text

  1.Do the English speak English? (标题)英国人讲的是英语吗?

  English在这里均为名词,但意义不同。第1个指“英国人”,为总称,后面的动词必须用复数;第2个指“英语”。指语言时前面不加冠词,指人则要加the:

  The English often talk about the weather.

  英国人经常谈论天气。

  Do you speak English?

  你会讲英语吗?

  English还可以作形容词,表示“英格兰的”、“英国的”、“英国人的”等:

  He was English.

  他是个英国人。

  与English相似的单词有French,Chinese,Japanese等:

  I said good morning to him in French.

  我用法语向他问早上好。

  2.I arrived in London at last. 我终于到了伦敦。

  (1)这里London前面不加冠词,介词in暗指London是个大地方。

  (2)at last为固定短语,表示“终于”,一般暗指经过一番等待、麻烦(苦恼)或努力之后:

  It was my turn at last.

  终于轮到我了。

  I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.

  我把问话重复了很多遍。他终于听懂了。

  3.I did not know the way to my hotel…我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走……

  my hotel不是指属于我的饭店(或旅馆),而是指我已订了房间或者要去住的饭店。

  4.I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

  我的英语讲得不但非常认真,而且咬字也非常清楚。

  not only…but…as well这组连接词与 not only…but also是同样的意思,都表示“不但……而且……”,not only与 but后面的成分必须对等。课文中的这句话可以改为:

  I spoke English not only very carefully, but very clearly as well.(意义不变)

  Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well.

  玛丽不仅找到了她姑妈,而且还在她那里住了两星期。

  (连接整个谓语)

  as well这个短语本身的含义是“也”、“又”、“还”:

  If you go home tomorrow, I'll go as well.

  如果你明天回家,我也回。

  He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well.

  他把钢笔借给了我,还有字典。

  5.… he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.……他讲得既不慢也不清楚。

  否定连词 neither…nor…(既不……也不……)连接的成分必须对等:

  Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York.

  老板和他的秘书都没有飞往纽约。(连接两个主语)

  I met neither Jane nor her husband.

  简和她的丈夫我都没见到。(连接两个宾语)

  6.My teacher never spoke English like that! 我的老师从来不那样讲英语!

  like 在这里是介词,表示“像”、“像……一样”:

  There's no one like you.

  没有人像你一样。

  He speaks like a foreigner.

  他说话像外国人。

  语法 Grammar in use

  并列句的语序(Word order in compound statements)

  在第1课的语法中,我们学习了简单陈述句的语序,它一般为:主语+动词+宾语(可有可无)+状语(可有可无,分为方式、地点和时间状语,位置相对比较 灵活)。通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中,各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列,但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。我 们常常把并列句中的各分句看成是并列主句。常用的并列连词有:and, and then, but, so, yet,or, both…and,either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also/but…as well等。这些并列连词可以用来表示另加(and)、对比(but,yet)、选择(or)、连续(and then)以及结局或结果(so)。并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序:

  主语 动词 状语 连词 主语 动词 宾语

  You can wait here and I will get the car.

  你可以在这等我,我去找车。

  and前面一般不加逗号,但其他连词前则一般要加逗号:

  Jim speaks Spanish, but his wife speaks French.吉姆讲西班牙语,而他妻子却讲法语。

  I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed.

  我得了感冒,所以我要去睡觉。

  当并列连词连接的成分相同时,通常不再重复:

  He either speaks French or understands it.

  他或是会讲法语,或是懂法语。(主语相同,省略)

  Either you or I can eat the apple.

  这个苹果或者是你吃,或者是我吃。(谓语相同,省略)

  Both Mary and Jane understands English.

  玛丽和简都懂英语。

  当 both…and, either…or和neither…nor连接主语时,谓语动词与后一个主语保持一致:

  Neither Liz nor I teach mathematics.

  莉兹和我都不教数学。(第2个主语为I,所以teach后不加-es)

  2.each other

  从原则上讲,这个短语指两个人“互相”:

  You and I must try to help each other.

  你我两个人必须尽力互相帮助。

  有时,这个短语也可以用来指许多人之间“互相”:

  We must all help each other.



Lesson25 Do the English speak English?

  课文内容:

  I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?

  语法归纳:

  本文语法:常用并列连词

  一句话总结:并列句即由并列连词把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起的句子。

  常用的并列连词主要有:

  both...and... 两者都

  Both my father and I love fishing.

  父亲和我都喜欢钓鱼。

  not only...but (also) 不仅……而且……

  I’m interested not only in English but in French.

  我不仅喜欢英语而且对法语也感兴趣。

  either...or... 要么……要么,或者……或者

  Either you or he has to do it.

  要么是你要么是他必须把这件事情做了。

  neither...nor... 既不……也不……

  He neither eats nor drinks.

  他不吃不喝。

  but 但是

  I ran to the airport, but I still missed the plane.

  我跑到机场,但还是误了飞机。

  so 所以

  He was sick, so we were quiet.

  他病了,所以我们很安静。

  yet 但是

  My grandfather is old, yet he is active.

  我爷爷虽然老了,可还是挺活跃。

  and 和,又

  The teacher finished class and he walked out of the room.

  老师讲完课就走出了教室。

  标题分析:Do the English speak English?

  语言点 the English表示整体的英国人,the French表示整体的法国人

  对比学习 an Englishman—个英国人,some Englishmen 一些英国人;

  I am a Chinese.我是一个中国人。(表示个体)

  I am Chinese. 我是中国人。(表本国籍)

  She is an Englishwoman.她是一个英国人。(表示个体)

  She is English.她是英国人。(表示国籍)

  (×) She is an English.(错误)

  逐句精讲:

  1、I arrived in London at last.

  我终于到达了伦敦.

  语言点 arrive in到达大地方;arrive at到达小地方或具体指定的地点

  “到达某地”的常用表达:

  arrive (v.) + in/at somewhere

  arrive in Shanghai 到达上海;arrive at airport 到达机场

  reach(v.) + somewhere

  reach the bus station 到达汽车站

  2、The railway station was big, black and dark.

  这个火车站很大,又黑又暗。

  语言点 多个形容词作定语常按以下顺序排列:

  限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)+数词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、离低+新 旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

  例如:a beautiful little girl 一个美丽的小姑娘

  a hot little hamburger —个热的小汉堡

  本句中big, black,dark三个形容词共同描述“火车站”,作表语。

  3、I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.

  我不知道去酒店的路该怎么走,于是向一个搬运工打听。

  语言点1 sb. know the way to somewhere 某人知道去某地的路

  know the way to New Oriental School.

  我知道去新东方学校的路。

  问路常用句型:

  How do I get to... ?

  我如何去……?

  Could you tell me the way...?

  我怎么去……?

  Where is...,please?

  请问到……怎么走?

  Please point me the direction of....

  请帮我指一下到……的方向。

  Which way should I take?

  我应该走哪条路?

  如何指方向:

  Go straight on / ahead.

  一直向前走。

  Turn right at the comer.

  请在前面拐角处右转。

  You should take the No.47 bus.

  你应该坐47路公交车。

  You should get off at the fifth stop.

  你应该在第 5 站下车。

  You need to head south / east / north / west.

  你应该一直朝南/东/北/西面走。

  语言点2 so为并列连词,意为“因此,所以”。补充学习以下同义词:

  therefore adv. 因此,因而

  Yesterday I was ill, and therefore could not come.

  昨天我病了,所以没能来。

  hence adv. 因此

  This is hand-made, hence expensive.

  这是手工制作的,因此很贵。

  thereby adv. 因此,从而

  He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

  他成了公民,因此获得了投票权。

  accordingly adv.因此,于是

  He was asked to leave the city and accordingly he left.

  有人叫他离开这座城市,因此他就走了。

  as a result 结果

  Five hundred jobs were axed as a result of government spending cuts.

  由于政府缩戒经费的缘故,有500人被突然解雇了。

  as a consequence = consequently 所以,因此

  He had been ill for a long time and consequently he was behind in his work.

  他病了很久,因此耽误了功课.

  4、I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

  我的英语不仅讲得非常认真,而且十分清楚。

  语言点 黄金句型:不但……而且……1) not only...but...as well 2) not only...but also...

  当not only...but also...连接主语时,靠近谓语动词的部分,即but also后面的部分(名词或代词)决定谓语动词的单复数。

  Not only the workers but also the manager was dismissed.

  不仅工人们被解雇了,那位经理也被解雇了。

  真题训练:Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another. (1989年全国高考)

  A.is B. areC. amD. be

  答案:B

  5、The porter, however, could not understand me.

  然而这个擻运工却不明白我的话。

  语言点 however = nevertheless 可是,然而:

  My mother was very tired;nevertheless she kept on working.

  我母亲虽然很疲倦,但仍在继续工作。

  Forrest Gump was stupid, but I liked him(nevertheless).

  阿甘的确很笨,但我喜欢他。

  6. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.

  我把问话重复好几遍,最后他终于听懂了。

  语言点 several: (more than three but fewer than many)三个以上,但不是很多:

  Several of us decided to walk home.

  我们之中有几个人决定步行回家。

  many times许多次

  Topsail has sailed across the Atlantic many times.

  首航号已经横越大西洋很多次了。

  7. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.

  他回答了我,但他说得既不慢也不清楚。

  语言点1 问、说、回答等动词的用法:

  answer sb. sth. 回答某人……

  What shall I answer?

  我将怎么回答呢?

  ask sb. 问某人

  I asked her the time but she gave no answer.

  我问她时间,可是她没回答。

  tell sb.告诉某人

  Tell him from me that he must be at the meeting on time.

  请转告他,叫他务必按时到会。

  say to sb.对某人说

  We shall see his boat and then we shall say goodbye to him.

  我们将参观他的船,然后与他告别。

  reply to sb / sth.对……作出答复、反应

  A lot of people replied to our advertisement.

  有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。

  6 ) respond to sb. / sth.对……作出反应

  She responded to my letter with a phone call.

  她收到我的信,给我回了个电话。

  着重对比:answer,reply, respond均含有“回答”的意思。

  1) answer是常用词,可指口头、笔头,甚至可表示以行动回答;

  2) reply 较 answer正式;

  3) respond是正式用语,指对号召、职责、请求等作出自发的适当反应。

  语言点2 neither... nor...意为“既不……也不……”此结构不仅可以连接副词还可连接其他词:

  I can neither sing nor dance.

  我既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。

  She speaks neither Chinese nor English.

  她既不会说中文也不会说英语。

  My brother is standing beside the door neither in nor out.

  我弟弟站在门口,既不进来也不出去。

  8. ‘I am a foreigner, ’I said.

  “我是外国人,”我说。

  语言点 在国外如果听不懂对方的话可要求他讲慢一点,并说“I’m a foreigner.”。在国内如果听不懂方言则不妨说“I’m a stranger here.(我不是本地人)”。

  9. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him.

  于是他说话的语速放慢了些,但我还是听不懂。

  语言点 对比学习:understand, comprehend, know都有“知道,明白,“理解”的意思。

  understand 是常用词,强调完全了解

  People who speak the same language can easily understand one another.

  说同一种语言的人能够很容易彼此了解。

  comprehend 侧重了解的过程

  He comprehends mathematics.

  他数学学得好。

  know 强调了解其中一部分的含义

  She knows more about America than anyone else I know.

  她比我认识的其他任何人对美国的了解都多。

  10、My teacher never spoke English like that!

  我的老师从来不那样说英语!

  语言点 like在此为介词,意为“像”。

  11. The porter and I looked at each other and smiled.

  我和搬运工相视一笑。

  语言点 each other—般表示两者之间彼此,但也可表示三者以上的人之间彼此,相当于one another。

  12. Then he said something and I understood it.

  接着他说了点什么,这回我听懂了。

  语言点 something指代很难用一句话说明的某事、某物(缩写为:sth.)。

  I want something to eat.我想吃点东西。

  I want to tell you something.我想告诉你件事

  She bought something to eat.她买了一 些东西来吃。

  13. You’ll soon learn English!,he said.

  “你很快就会学会英语的!”他说。

  语言点 谚语:Soon learned, soon forgotten.学得快,忘得快。

  In doing we learn.边干边学;在实践中学习。

  14. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language.

  我感到奇怪。在英国,人们各自说着一种不同的语言。

  语言点 英国的全称是:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,简称the United Kingdom(U.K.)。英国主要由四个部分组成:Scotland苏格兰, England英格兰, Wales威尔士, Northern Ireland北爱尔兰。

  15.The English understand each other, but I don’t understand them! Do they speak English?

  英国人之间互相听得懂,可我却听不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?

 

  


  我们大家都必须互相帮助。
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