我国是乙肝高发地之一，而且80%左右的肝癌是乙肝病毒感染导致的。
China is one of the high incidence rate locations of hepatitis B, and about 80% of liver cancer is caused by hepatitis B virus infections.
所以在婴幼儿出生之后，必须要通过注射乙肝疫苗的方式，让身体全面产生抗体后而取得预防的效果。
So, after a baby is born, it is necessary to use a hepatitis B vaccine to help the body comprehensively produce antibodies and thus achieve a precautionary effect.
成人有必要接种乙肝疫苗吗？
Is it necessary for adults to get Hepatitis B vaccine?
乙肝病毒主要经血液传播，传播途径广，通常通过输血、母婴、性行为、剃须刀等密切生活来传播。对成年人而言，接种乙肝疫苗不仅是为了保护您自己，还是为了保护您的家人.
Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted through blood. It has many transmission modes, usually through blood transfusion, from mother to baby, through sexual activity, razors and other intimate contact in life. For adults, getting the hepatitis B vaccine is not only about protecting yourself, but also about protecting your family.
谁适合接种乙肝疫苗？
Who is suitable for hepatitis B vaccination？
①青少年（大、中、小学生）：既往无乙肝疫苗接种史者；②医护人员；③医学检验人员；④保育人员；⑤乙肝病毒已感染者或乙肝病人的配偶、子女或密切接触者；⑥血液透析者
(1)Adolescents (college, middle and primary school students) : no previous history of hepatitis B vaccination;(2) medical staff;(3) medical examination personnel;(4) child-care worker;(5) hepatitis B virus has been infected or hepatitis B patients spouse, children or close contact;（6）Hemodialysis
方案为三针0-1-6个月，即当天一针，一个月第二针，六个月第三针。第七个月后复查看看有没有表面抗体产生，有抗体就有保护，可以抵御乙肝病毒的侵袭。
The plan is three injections for months 0-1-6, namely one injection on the same day, the second injection in a month, and the third needle in six months. After the seventh month, a reexamination to see whether there is surface antibody production. If there are antibodies then there is protection and resistance against the invasion of hepatitis B virus.
打过乙肝疫苗是否还需打加强针？
Do I still need a booster dose if I’ve already had a hepatitis B vaccine?
你如果已经接种过三次，不知道有没有抗体形成，如果有，那就需要间隔3～4年根据抗体数值加强一次，如果没有抗体形成，那就要从基础开始再打三针。如果要检查抗体就去医院做“两对半”即可知道。
If you've been vaccinated three times, and you don't know if there's any antibody formation, if there is, you need to boost it every three to four years according to the antibody quantity, and if there's no antibody formation, you need to get three more shots from the beginning. If you want to check your antibodies, you can go to the hospital for a HBV 5-marker test.
查出乙型肝炎表面抗体阳性，从未打过乙型肝炎疫苗，是否还需要再打疫苗？
Tested positive for hepatitis B surface antibodies, never had hepatitis B vaccination, is a vaccination still needed?
说明既往已有过乙肝病毒感染，而且产生了保护性抗体，这种人一般不必再打乙肝疫苗。
This means the person was previously infected with the hepatitis B virus, and produced protective antibodies. Such people normally do not need another vaccination.
接种乙肝疫苗所需要注意的事项：
What should we pay attention to if we get hepatitis B vaccination?
1 | 感冒、发热、过敏或者急性期感染，接种需要推迟到治愈后进行。 In case of cold，fever，allergy or acute infection, vaccination should be delayed until healed |
2 | 接种后不能当天洗澡。当天不可饮酒并食用辛辣刺激的食物。 Do not take a shower after vaccination.Avoid drinking alcohol or eating spicy food on the day. |
3 | 避免剧烈运动，多饮水，多休息，劳逸结合 Avoid strenuous exercise，drink plenty of water，have a good rest |
接种乙肝疫苗后可能有哪些不良反应？
What adverse effects may be occurred after hepatitis B vaccination?
通常这些症状较轻微，持续时间较短。对于肌注疫苗者，可能出现的不适包括接种处酸痛、发红、肿胀，低热等。绝大多数患者症状轻微，在1~2天内恢复。极少数患者可能出现严重的不良反应，如严重的过敏反应。
Usually those adverse effects are mild and last for only a short period. As for those who have received a muscle injection, the adverse effects may include local ache, redness, swelling, and low fever. Most patients have mild symptoms and recover within 1 to 2 days. A very few patients may have severe adverse effects, including severe allergic reaction.
当然，在接种乙肝疫苗之后，虽然身体具有一定的抗体，但也不是说就不会感染乙肝疾病。所以在日常生活中，还是要做出合理的饮食安排和生活作息。
Of course, after vaccinating against hepatitis B, although the body has certain antibodies, that’s not to say a hepatitis B infection won’t happen. So in daily life, it is still important to maintain a reasonable diet and schedule every day.
专家介绍
Introduction
钱方兴 主任医师
从事内科工作30余年
全科诊疗专家
长期从事慢性病的临床管理，尤其是胃肠肝病的诊治
Fangxing Qian Chief Physician
More than 30 years of experience in internal medicine
A general practitioner
Long engaged in the clinical management of chronic diseases, especially the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal liver disease
擅长：
1、慢性腹胀、腹泻、便秘
2、疑难发热诊治
3、肝炎、 肝硬化、腹水
Specialties:
1. Chronic bloating, diarrhea, constipation
2. Diagnosis and treatment of difficult fever
3. hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, ascites
预约
（供稿：特需部 何濛濛）
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