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【转载】状语从句中的省略用法

 

        状语从句中的省略用法现总结如下:

    一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式( am/ is / are / was /were ),可同时省略从句的主语和 be 动词的某种形式。

    1. when, while 引导的时间状语从句。例如:

    ( 1 ) Do be careful when ( you are ) crossing the street.

    过马路时一定要小心。

    ( 2 ) When ( it is ) heated to 100 ℃ , water will turn into vapor.

    水加热到 100 摄氏度就会变成蒸气。

    ( 3 ) When / While ( I was ) on my way to work, I met her.

    在上班的路上我遇见了她。

    2. if, unless, once 引导的条件状语从句。例如:

    ( 1 ) If ( it is ) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

    如果废物妥善处理,就不会对环境有危害。

    ( 2 ) The price, if ( it is ) a little higher than last year's, is still rather reasonable.

    价格即使比去年稍高,但仍然相当合理。

    ( 3 ) I'll not go to the party unless ( I am ) invited.

    如果不邀请我,我就不参加那个晚会。

    ( 4 ) Unless ( he is ) in uniform, he doesn't look like a policeman.

    如果不穿制服,他看上去就不像警察。

    ( 5 ) Once ( you are ) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be published.

    在超市偷东西一旦被抓住,你就会受处罚。

    3. though, although, whether, no matter whether / what / how / who 等引导的让步状语从句。例如:

    ( 1 ) Though / Although ( he was ) blamed for his mistake, the boy didn't seem to be angry.

    尽管那个男孩受到批评,但他似乎并没有生气。

    ( 2 ) He was happy, though / although ( he was ) poor.

    他虽穷,却很幸福。

    ( 3 ) Whether ( she is ) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

    无论是生病还是健康,她总是高高兴兴的。

    ( 4 ) Anyone, no matter who / whoever ( he is ) , may point out our shortcomings.

    无论是什么人给我们指出我们的缺点都行。

    ( 5 ) No matter how / However hard the task ( is ) , we must fulfill it in time.

    不管任务多艰巨,我们都必须按时完成它。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式)

    ( 6 ) The government of China has decided to develop western China, no matter what / whatever the difficulties ( may be ) .

    中国政府决心开发西部地区,不管有多少困难。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式)

    4. as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句。

    ( 1 ) He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if / though ( he were ) waking up after a long sleep.

    他又揉眼睛又打哈欠,好像刚睡了一大觉似的。

    ( 2 ) He stood up as if / though ( he wanted ) to leave.

    他站起来好像要离开。(注意: as if / though + to do 表示一个将来的动作)

    ( 3 ) Jim hurriedly left the room as if / though ( he was ) angry.

    Jim 匆忙离开了时间,好像生气了。

    二、 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语( be 动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较的部分。

    ( 1 ) He is taller than his brother ( is ) .

    他比他的兄弟长得高。

    ( 2 ) The population of China is larger than that of America ( is ) .

    中国人口比美国人口多。

    ( 3 ) You hate him as much as I ( hate him ) .

    我和你一样恨他。

    ( 4 ) Those villagers listened as carefully as the pupils.

    那些村民和小学生们听得一样认真。

    ( 5 ) My mother is much better now than ( she was ) when I wrote to you last week.

    我母亲现在比我上周写信给你的时候好多了。

    ( 6 ) I have as much confidence in you as ( I have confidence ) in him.

    我对你和对他一样信任。

    ( 7 ) I know you better than ( I know ) her.

    我对你比对她更了解。

    三、以 if 从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了 it is, that is, there is / are 。例如:

    ( 1 ) If ( it /is ) possible / necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

    如果可能 / 必要的话,将重修这座古庙。

    ( 2 ) If ( that is ) so, I will call you back at 5:00 p.m..

    倘若如此,我下午 5 : 00 回电话给你。

    ( 3 ) There are only a few books in our school library, if ( there are ) any.

    我们学校图书馆有书,但不多。

    ( 4 ) We are told that he won't come tonight; if not ( if he won't come tonight ) there aren't be any meeting tomorrow.

    我们被告知他今晚不来了。如果他今晚不来,明天就无法开会了。

    ( 5 ) Seldom, if at all, ( if he goes to the city at all ) does he go to the city.

    即使他进城,但那也是偶尔的。

    ( 6 ) Many roof sections were replaced with new ones where ( it is ) necessary.

    屋顶上很多需要修补的地方都换成了新的。

    四、 as 引导的方式状语从句,其省略用法较复杂,因具体情况而定。例如:

    ( 1 ) You should do the experiments as ( you are ) told to. ( do the experiments )你应该按你听到的那样做实验。

    ( 2 ) As ( it is the case ) in China, the weather is different from area to area in Canada.

    同中国一样,加拿大的气候因地区的不同而不同。

    ( 3 ) In 1939, as ( it is the case ) in 1914, there started a terrible killing of man.

    1939 年,正如 1914 年那样,开始了一场人类之间可怕的屠杀。

    ( 4 ) As ( it is the same ) with driving a car, we should be careful while riding a bicycle.

    像开车一样,我们骑车也应该小心。 

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