实用高中英语短语与句型词典
busy
1. asbusy as a bee 很忙。如：
He is as busy as a bee.他很忙。
The children are as busy as bees,helping their mother in the garden. 孩子们在忙个不停地在花园里帮母亲干活。
2. bebusy doing sth 忙于做某事。如：
She was busy writing letters.(当时)她正忙着写信。
He’s busy getting ready for thejourney. 他正忙于上路。
注：有时动名词前可以有介词 in, 但以省略为常见。
3. bebusy with [at] sth 忙于做某事。如：
He’s busy at [with] hishomework. 他正忙着做家庭作业。
注：有时可用其它介词。如：
be busy with [at, in, over, about]one’s work 忙于工作
but
1. butfor 若不是，要不是。如：
But for his pension, he wouldstarve. 要不是他有养老金，他就会挨饿了。
But for your help, we should not havefinished in time. 要不是你帮忙，我们就不及时完工。
注：but for 通常与虚拟语气连用。
2. canbut 只能，只好，充其量不过。如：
I can but wait. 我只能等着。
I can but lose a few days’rest. 我充其量不过是少休息几天。
注：can but 后通常接动名词原形。
3. cannot but do sth 不得不做某事，禁不住。如：
I cannot but admire him.我不得不佩服他。
Seeing the boy’s funny face, I couldnot but laugh. 看到那孩子的滑稽面孔，我禁不住笑了。
注：cannot but 后通常接动名词原形。
buy
1. buysb sth 给某人买某物。如：
Let me buy you a drink.我来给你买杯饮料。
My uncle bought me an Englishdictionary. 我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。
注：该句型也可用以下带有介词 for 的句型改写。如上面后一句也可说成：
My uncle bought an English dictionaryfor me.
2. buysth from sb 向某人买某物。如：
He bought this watch from afriend. 他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。
3. buysth for some money 用钱买某物。如：
I bought the bike for $50.我花50美元买了这辆自行车。
He bought it for very littlemoney. 他买它只花了一点点钱。
注：有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如：
He bought them for [at] 10peach. 他以每个10便士的价格买下了它们。
by
1. bybus (train) 乘公共汽车(火车)。如：
He came by bus. 他是乘公共汽车来的。
He went there by train.他是坐火车去那儿的。
注：这类结构通常不用冠词，类似的表达有：
by car 坐小汽车by plane 坐飞机
by ship 坐船by bike 骑自行车
2. bydoing sth 通过做某事。如：
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the keytwice to the left. 锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
3. byand by 不久。如：
He will come back by and by.他不久就会回来。
By and by they got married.不久他们就结了婚。
注：不要将该短语误理解为“逐渐”。如：
他的身体慢慢好起来了。
正：His health improves gradually.
误：His health improves by and by.
C
cake
1. (be)a piece of cake 很容易，小菜一碟。如：
A：How do you do that?你那是怎样做的?
B：It’s a piece of cake. Watch!这很容易，你看着。
This job is anything but a piece ofcake. 这份差事决不轻松。
call
1. callat a place
(1) (车船等)停靠。如：
The train calls at everystation. 这火车每个站都停。
(2) 到某地拜访。如：
She called at his officeyesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。
2. callaway
(1) 叫走，叫开。如：
He was called away by afriend. 他被朋友叫走了。
(2) 转移(注意力等)。如：
He is studying an important problem,and nothing can call
away his attention.他正在研究一个重要问题，什么也不能使他分心。
3. callback
(1) 唤回，叫回。如：
He was about to leave when his wifecalled him back. 他正要离去，他妻子把他叫了回来。
(2) 回电话，再打电话。如：
I’ll call (you) back.我将给你回电话。
He’s not in. Please call backlater. 他不在家，请过一会儿再打来。
4. callfor sth (sb)
(1) 喊着叫某人来，喊着叫人取来某物。如：
He called for the waiter.他叫服务员。
The boy called for hisclothes. 小男孩喊着给他拿衣服来。
He called for a glass of beer.他叫了一杯啤酒。
(2) 来或去取某物，来或去接某人。如：
We called for the packages at thepost office. 我们到邮局领取包裹。
I’ll call for you (at your house) atnine. 我九点(到你家)来接你。
(3) 需要，要求。如：
This problem calls for carefulthought. 这问题需要好好想一想。
The work calls for time andpatience. 这工作需要时间和耐心。
注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。如：
5. callin
(1) 叫进，请进。如：
He only waited two minutes before hewas called in. 他只等了两分钟就被叫了进去。
(2) 找来，请来。如：
Call in the doctor at once.马上去请医生来。
(3) 来访。如：
Please call in at five.请在五点来访。
He called in the office thisafternoon. 他今天下午来办公室坐了一会儿。
(4) 收回。如：
The librarian called in all thebooks. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去。
6. calloff
(1) 叫走，转移开。如：
Call your dog off.把你的狗叫走。
(2) 取消，不举行。如：
The match was called off because ofbad weather. 由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
He phoned me and called theappointment off. 他给我打电话取消了这次约会。
7. call(up)on sb 拜访或看望某人。如：
He called on them thatevening. 他那天晚上去拜访了他们。
I called upon Mrs Foster thisevening. 我今晚去看望了福斯特太太。
8. callsb sth 为某人叫某物。如：
Please call me a taxi.请帮我叫一辆出租车。
注：该句型也可用介词 for 改写。如：
Please call a taxi for me.
9. call(up)on sb to do sth
(1) 叫(请)某人做某事。如：
Then the teacher called on me toanswer the question. 这里老师叫我回答问题。
We are calling on you to helpus. 我们恳请你帮助我们。
(2) 号召某人做某事。如：
The Party called on us to study hardfor the people. 党号召我们要为人民努力学习。
10. call out
(1) 大声叫(喊)。如：
He called out with pain.他痛得大叫。
The drowning boy called out forhelp. 溺水的男孩大声呼救。
(2) 叫出去。如：
The teacher called me out.老师把我叫了出去。
(3) 召唤，请来，调去。如：
He decided to call out thearmy. 他决定动用军队。
The fire brigade was called out twicelast night. 昨晚消防队出动了两次。
注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。如：
A number of police were called out tokeep order. 不少警察被调去维持秩序。
11. callup
(1) (给……)打电话。如：
Please call me up thisevening. 请今晚给我打电话。
All right, I’ll ring up again.好吧，我回头再打电话。
(2) 想起，回忆起。如：
Your letter calls up the days when weworked together. 你的来信使我想起了我们在一起工作的情景。
(3) 召集，应召入伍。如：
He was called up right at thebeginning of the war. 他在战争一开始就被应征入伍。
candle
1. burnthe canle at both ends 夜以继日地干，劳动过度，过分消耗精力。如：
If he goes on burnig the candle atboth ends, he will beill. 假若他继续这样起早贪黑地干，他会病倒的。
Burning the candle at both ends mayhave a serious effect
on one’s health. 过分消耗精力会对身体造成严重影响。
care
1. careabout
(1) 感兴趣，关心，关注。如：
The only thing he cares about ismoney. 他只在乎钱。
They don’t care about this kind ofthing. 他们对这种事不感兴趣。
(2) 担心，担忧。如：
Don’t you care about your country’sfuture? 你难道不为自己国家的前途担忧吗?
2. carefor
(1) 喜欢，愿意(多用于否定句或疑问句)。如：
Would you care for a drink?你想喝一杯吗?
He doesn’t care much formusic. 他不大喜欢音乐。
(2) 照看，照顾。如：
They cared for the child day andnight. 他们日夜照看这个孩子。
(3) 关心，爱护。如：
How the Party care for us!党多么关心我们啊！
For himself he cares verylittle. 他很少想到自己。
(4) 担心，担扰。如：
We don’t care for his safety.我们不担心他的安全。
3. careto do sth 愿意，喜欢，想要(主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句)。如：
Would you care to wait for awhile? 请你等一会儿好吗?
He didn’t care to meet thesepeople. 他不想见这些人。
If you care to hear it, I’ll tell itto you. 如果你想听，我就告诉你。
4. carewh-clause 在乎，在意(多用于否定句或疑问句)。如：
We won’t let you in if you don’t showyour pass. We don’t care who you are. 你不出示通行证，我们不会让你进去，我们不管你是谁。
I don’t care what they say. I shallgo on just the same. 我不在乎他们说什么，不管怎么说，我都会继续干下去。
注：有时也用于肯定句。如：
I really care whether we win orlose. 我们是输是赢我真的很在乎。
5. takecare (of)
(1) 当心，小心。如：
Take care that you don’t drink toomuch. 当心别喝多了。
Good bye, and take care.再见，多保重。
(2) 照看，照顾。如：
He is old enough to take care ofhimself. 他大了，能照顾自己了。
We should take good care of thechildren. 我们应该好好照看这些孩子。
(3) 负责，处理。如：
Let me take care of thecleaning. 打扫卫生的事就由我来管吧。
His secretary takes care of all hisappointments. 他的秘书处理他的一切约会。
careful
1. becareful of [about, with] sth 当心或注意某事。如：
I hope you will be more careful of[about] your health. 希望你更注意身体。
Be careful with the vase;it isvaluable. 这只花瓶很贵，要小心点。
2. becareful in doing sth 做某事时很小心或仔细。如：
Be careful in dealing with suchpeople. 和这种人打交道要小心。
注：有时也用介词 about, 或省略不用介词。如：
Be careful (in, about) crossing theroad. 过马路要小心。
3. becareful to do sth 小心地去做某事。如：
You must be careful not to tell himabout it. 你必须注意不要把此事告诉他。
注：该句型有时可与后接 that 从句的句型转换。如：
Be careful not to be late. / Becareful that you don’tbelate. 注意别迟到。
比较以下一组句子：
He’s careful to read everysentence. 他注意读(即不漏读)每一个句子。
He is careful in reading everysentence. 他读每个句子都很仔细。
4. becareful wh-clause 小心。如：
Do be careful what you say.说话一定要小心。
Be careful how you hold it.小心拿好。
注：有时接 that-clause。如：
Be careful(that) you don’t breakit(=Be careful not to break it). 小心不要把它打破了。
careless
1. becareless of [about, with] sth 对某事很粗心。如：
He’s careless of [about] hisappearance. 他不修边幅。
She’s careless of [about] theconsequences. 他不顾后果。
Don’t be so careless with yourmoney. 别这么乱花钱。
2. becareless to do sth 粗心地做了某事。如：
He was careless to make somemistakes. 他很粗心，结果出了些错。
注：该结构中的不定式为结果状语。
3. becareless in doing sth 做某事时很粗心。如：
He was careless in typing theletter. 他打印这封信时很粗心。
4. It’s careless of sb to do sth 某人做某事很粗心。如：
It was careless of you to leave theroom unlocked. 你没有把门锁上真是太粗心(太大意)了。
注：该结构可与以下句型互换。如：
You were careless to leave the roomunlocked.
carry
1. carry away
(1) 带走，拿走，搬走，冲走，抢走。如：
Please carry the table away.请把桌子搬走。
The bridge was carried away by theflood. 桥被洪水冲走。
(2) 使非常兴奋或失去自制力。如：
The music carried her away.那音乐让她陶醉。
Don’t be carried away bysuccess. 不要让成功冲昏了头脑。
2. carry off
(1) 拿走，带走，搬走。如：
Carry the empty bottles off,please. 请把空瓶子拿走。
(2) 获奖。如：
He carried off most of the prizes forswimming. 他获得了游泳项目的大部分奖。
(3) 成功在应付。如：
It was a difficult situation, but hecarried if off. 那是个困难的局面，但他还是成功地应付了过去。
3. carry on
(1) 继续下去，进行下去。如：
Don’t stop --- carry on,everyone. 大家不要停下，继续干。
Please carry on with yourwork. 请继续工作。
注：这样用的 carryon 通常不及物，其后不接宾语或借助介词with 带宾语。
(2) 继续，进行。如：
We will carry on our discussiontomorrow. 我们明天将继续讨论。
When he left I carried on hisresearch. 他走了，我继续他的研究工作。
注：这样用的 carry on 通常是及物的，其宾语通常是 fight,
war, struggle, conversation,experiment, strike, movement等；有时可后接动名词。如：
They carried on talking as if nothingwas happening. 他们继续谈话，好像什么也没发生似的。
4. carry out
(1) 进行，开展，完成。如 ：
We all have certain jobs to carryout. 我们大都有一些工作要完成。
The operation was carried outsuccessfully. 手术进行得很成功。
注：其后通常接的宾语有 experiment, operation, enquiry, test,
investigation 等。
(2) 实现，执行，贯彻。如：
Once a decision is reached, it mustbe firmly carried out. 决议一旦作出，就必须坚决执行。
We expect her to carry out herpromises. 我们希望她履行诺言。
注：其后通常接的宾语有 plan, decision, reform, promise, policy, order,wish, idea 等。
5. carry through
(1) 成功地完成。如：
It’s a difficult job but he is theperson to carry it through. 那是项困难的工作，但他是能胜任的。
He carried through the work in amonth. 他在一个月之内就完成了工作。
(2) 帮助渡过难关。如：
His courage carried him through (hisillness). 他的勇气使他战胜了疾病。
case
1. inany case 不管怎样，无论如何。如：
In any case, you’ll have to be at thestation by nine. 无论如何你九点钟得赶到车站。
It may rain tomorrow, but we aregoing home in any case. 明天可能下雨，但不管怎样我们都打算回家去。
2. incase
(1) 如果，万一(用作连词，表示条件)。如：
In case he comes, let me know.如果他来，告诉我一声。
If case I forget, please remind meabout it. 万一我忘记，请请醒我一下。
(2) 以防，免得(用作连词，表示目的)。如：
Take your umbrella (just) in case itrains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。
Be quiet in case you should wake thebaby. 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。
(3) 以防万一，免得(用作副词)：
You had better carry some money incase. 你最好带些钱，以防万一(要用)。
It may not rain, but you had bettertake an umbrella incase. 可能不会下雨，但你最好还是带把雨伞，以防万一。
3. incase of 如果，万一，以防(用作介词，表示条件或目的)。如：
In case of fire, call 119.万一失火，就打119电话。
Take an umbrella with you in case ofrain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。
4. inno case 绝不，在任何情况下都不。如：
You should in no case tell her aboutit. 你绝不能把此事告诉她。
注：若置于句首，句子用倒装。如：
In no case should you give up.你绝不能放弃。
5. inthat case 既然那样，假若是那样的话。如：
In that case come a littleearlier. 既然那样，就早些来。
You don’t like your job? In that casewhy don’t you leave? 你不喜欢你的工作，那你为什么不辞掉呢?
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