实用高中英语短语与句型词典
difference
1. thedifference between ……之间的差别。如：
The difference between 6 and 15 is 9.6和15相差9。
What’s the difference between the twowords? 这两个词有什么不同?
3. makea (no) difference 有(没有)差别，有(没有)影响，起(不起)重要作用”等。如：
The sea air has made a difference toher health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
It makes no difference to me whetherhe goes or not. 他去不去对我没影响。
注：有时可用其它限定词。如：
A：Does that make any difference?那很重要吗?
B：Yes, it makes all thedifference. 是的，很重要。
The rain didn’t make much differenceto the game. 这场雨对比赛没什么影响。
different
1. (be)different from [to, than] 与……不同。如：
He is different from [to, than]me. 他与我不同。
American cars are different from [to,than] ours. 美国造的汽车和我们的不一样。
注：在英国英语中通常用 to, 在美国英语中通常用 than, 但两者均不如用 from 普遍。
difficult
1. Itis difficult to do sth 做某事很困难。如：
It’s difficult to learnJapanese. 学日语很难。
It was difficult to decide which oneto buy. 要决定买哪个很困难。
2. sthis difficult to do 做某事很困难。如：
The work is difficult to do.这项工作很难做。
Such books are difficult toread. 那样的书很难读。
注：该结构用 sth 作主语，它必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，并且这类结构通常可与 it’s difficult to do sth 互换。如：
The mountain is difficult to climb. /It is difficult to climb the mountain. 这座山很难爬。
The question is difficult to answer./ It is difficult to answer the question. 要回答这个问题是困难的。
difficulty
1. havedifficulty with [in] sth 对某事有困难。如：
Do you have any difficulty with [in]English? 你对(学习)英语有困难吗?
He has some difficulties withpronunciation. 他的发音有些困难。
2. havedifficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难。如：
We have much difficulty (in)understanding what he says. 我们要理解他说的话有不少困难。
I had the greatest difficulty inpersuading him. 为了说服他，我费了好大的力气。
注：该句型中的动词 have 有时可用 find, (there) be 换之。如：
He finds little difficulty learningEnglish. 他觉得学习英语没什么困难。
There is much difficulty in findinghis office. 没费什么力劲就找到了他的办公室。
3. withdifficulty困难地，费力地。如：
That man walked withdifficulty. 那个人走路很费力。
He did it, but withdifficulty. 他做是做了，但颇为费力。
4. without difficulty 容易地，不费力的。如：
He did it without much (any)difficulty. 他完成那件事没费什么(任何)劲。
The taxi driver found the housewithout much difficulty. 出租车司机没没费什么力就找到了这座房子。
direct
1. direct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事。如：
The officer directed his men toadvance slowly. 那军官命令部下缓慢前进。
2. direct sth to (doing) sth
(1) 把(精力、注意力等)集中在……。如：
We will direct our energies toimproving conditions. 我们将要集中精力改善条件。
(2) 把……的方向指给……。如：
Can you direct me to the railwaystation? 请你告诉我去火车站怎么走好吗?
(3) 把(邮件)寄给……。如：
Shall I direct this letter to hisbusiness address or to his home address? 我是把这封寄到他的办公地点，还是寄到他家里?
(4) 针对……而说(写)。如：
My remarks were not directed to allof you. 我的话并非指你们全体说的。
direction
1. inthe direction
(1) 朝……方向。如：
We’re going in the direction of theeast (the park). 我们将朝东(公园这个方向)走。
Tom walked in one direction and Jimin another. 汤姆往一个方向走了，吉姆朝另一个方向走了。
(2) 在……方面。如：
We are making changes in variousdirections. 我们正在多方面进行改革。
The town shows improvement in manydirections. 这个城镇在很多方面都有改善。
2. under one’s direction 在某人的指导下。如：
We did the work under hisdirection. 我们在他的指导下工作。
The research center will be under hisdirection. 这个研究中心将由他指挥。
disappointed
1. bedisappointed in [with] sb 对某人感到失望。如：
I’m disappointed in you: I expectedyou to win. 你让我失望了，我本来指望你能赢的。
My parents will be disappointedin[with] me if I fail in the exam. 要是我考试不及格，我父母会对我感到失望的。
)
2. bedisappointed at [about] doing sth对发生某情况感到失望。如：
She was very disappointed at [about]losing the race. 她输了这场比赛，感到很失望。
I was disappointed at not finding herat home. 我发现她不在家，感到很失望。
3. bedisappointed with [about, at, in] sth对某一事实或情况感到失望。如：
We are disappointed about [at] hisfailure. 我们对他失败感到失望。
I was disappointed at [with, in] theresult. 我对那结果感到失望。
4. bedisappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望。如：
I was disappointed to hear [=at] thenews. 听到这个消息我感到很失望。
I was disappointed not to bechosen. 我未被选中，感到很失望。
disappointment
1. bea disappointment to sb 让使人失望。如：
Her children are a disappointment toher. 她的孩子让她感到失望。
His failure was a disappointment tohis wife. 他的失败使他妻子很失望。
2. toone’s disappointment使某人失望的是。如：
To my great disappointment, he wasn’ton that train. 使我大为失望的是，他不在那列火车上。
discover
1. discover how to do sth 发现如何做某事。如：
We never discovered how to open thebox. 我们始终也没找到如何打开那个箱子。
They haven’t discovered how toimprove their techniques. 他们还没有找到提高技术的办法。
2. discover sb (sth) to be 发现某人或某物是……。如：
We discovered her to be a goodcook. 我们发现她很会煮饭。
We discovered him to beuntrustworthy. 我们发现他很不可靠。
3. discover sb (sth) doing sth 发现或撞见某人或某物在做某事。如：
He discovered her crying in theroom. 他发现她在房里哭。
I discovered him kissing mywife. 我撞见他在吻我的妻子。
discuss
1. discuss doing sth 讨论做某事的问题。如：
They discussed selling thehouse. 他们商量过卖房子的事。
We’re here to discuss Ann’s joiningthe club. 我们这次碰头是为了谈谈安入会的事。
注：discuss 后通常不接不定式，但若不定式之前有连接代词或连接副词，则可以用于其后。如：
We will discuss how to do it and whoshould do it. 我们要讨论怎样做这事以及由谁来做事。
2. discuss sth (sb) with sb 同某人讨论某事。如：
She discussed her plans with hermother. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。
Have you been discussing me with yourfriends? 你和你的朋友在议论我吗?
注：discuss(讨论)是及物动词，注意不要其后误加介词about。
3. discuss wh-clause 讨论是否做某事。如：
We discussed when we shouldgo. 我们讨论了什么时候去。
We discussed whether we should closethe shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。
注：discuss 后可接 whether 引导的宾语从句，但不接 if 引导的宾语从句。
distance
1. ata (some) distance 在一定距离的地方，隔开一些距离， 有些距离。如：
The picture looks better at adistance. 这幅画远些看更好些。
2. at[from] a distance of 在……的地方。如：
You can see the tower at [from] adistance of 20miles. 你在20英里外就可以看到这座塔。
3. froma distance 从远处(方)。如：
Many guests came from adistance. 许多客人从远方来。
It is a very beautiful house,especially from a distance. 这是一座漂亮的房子，尤其是从远处看更是如此。
4. inthe distance 在远处，在远方。如：
I saw some smoke in thedistance. 我看到远处有些烟。
A ship could be seen in thedistance. 可以看到远处有艘轮船。
5. keepone’s distance from 保持距离(用于本义或引申义)。如：
Keep your distance from thatdog. 不要太接近那条狗。
Keep your distance from thatman. 不要与那个人太亲近。
6. keepsb at a distance 与某人保持距离，疏远某人。如：
She no longer kept her neighbours ata distance. 她不再对邻居冷淡了。
7. with ……distance of 在……的距离内。如：
He lives within easy distance of hiswork. 他住在离上班很近的地方。
The beach is within walking distanceof my house. 海滩离我家不远，走几步就到。
divide
1. divide sth into sth 把某物分成某物(指把整体分为部分)。如：
He divided the children into fourgroups. 他把孩子们分成四组。
The USA is divided into 50 states. 美国被分为50个州。
注：表示把某物分成两半， 可用 divide sth into halves, 也可用 divide sth in half / divide sth in [into]two。
2. divide sth among [between] sb (sth) 把某物分(配)给某人或某物。如：
We divided the work betweenus. 我们分担这份工作。
They divided the money between[among] themselves. 他们把那笔钱分了。
He divided his time between work andstudy. 他把时间分别花在工作和学习上。
3. divide sth from sth 把某物与某一物分开。如：
The English channel divides Englandfrom France. 英吉利海峡把英法两国分隔开来。
A low brick wall divides our gardenfrom our neighbor’s garden. 一堵矮砖墙把我们的花园与邻居的花园分开。
注：这样用的 divide 通常用 separate 代之。
do
1. doaway with 废除，除去，撤消。如：
The company did away with privateoffices. 公司取消了私人办公室。
2. dodoing sth 做某事。如：
Do he do (the, any) cooking?他做饭吗?
I did much washing yesterday.我昨天洗了很多衣服。
3. doup
(1) 扣，结，系。如：
This skirt does up at theback. 这条裙子从后面系扣。
(2) 包，扎，捆。如：
He told me to do up thepackage. 他叫我把包裹捆好。
(3) 梳妆，打扮。如：
Mary did herself up for theparty. 玛丽为参加聚会而打份。
(4) 整理，装修，粉刷。如：
The house needs doing up.这房子需要重新装修粉刷一下。
4. dowith
(1) 处置(与what 连用)。如：
What shall I do with it?怎样处置它好呢?
(2) 放置(与what 连用)。如：
What have you done with myumbrella? 你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?
(3) 利用(与what 连用)。如：
I don’t know what to do with thisstrange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
(4) 想要，需要(常与can, could 连用)。如：
I could do with a drink.我想喝点什么。
You look as if you could do with agood night’s sleep. 看来你要好好睡上一夜。
(5) 忍受(用于否定句，与can, could 连用)。如：
I can’t do with loud music.我受不了喧闹的音乐。
(6) 打发时间，安排时间(与oneself 连用)。如：
Tell me what you did with yourselveson Sunday. 告诉我你们星期天是怎样过的。
(7) 将就，凑合(与can, could 连用)。如：
Can you do with cold meat fordinner? 晚餐吃冷肉你能将就吗?
(8) 与……有关。如：
It’s nothing to do with me.这与我无关。
My job has to do with thegovernment. 我的工作与政府有关。
比较：
My job has something (nothing) to dowith the government.
我的工作与政府有些(没有)关系。
5. dowithout没有(不用)……也行。如：
We can’t do without a telephone inour business. 我们做生意没有电话是不行的。
I don’t have enough money to buy acar, so I’ll just have to do without (one). 我没有那么多钱买汽车，只好作罢。
)
6. make(something) do with 将就着，凑合着。如：
We don’t have any milk, so we’ll haveto make do with water. 我们没有牛奶，所以我们只好用水将就了。
doctor
1. goto [see] a doctor 去看医生。如：
I’m going to see a doctortomorrow. 我明天要去看病。
I think you’d better go to [see] thedoctor about your chest. 我想你最好去找医生看看你的胸部。
door
1. answer the door (听到门铃或敲门声)开门。如：
The maid answered the door.女佣应声去开了门。
Tom took ages to answer thedoor. 汤姆耽搁了很久才开门。
2. close [shut] the door to [on]
(1) 把(某人)关在门外。如：
As I was to follow him into the room,he closed the door on me. 我正要跟着他进屋，他竟把门关上了。
(2) 使没有可能。如：
The incident closed the door on hispromotion. 这次事件使他不可能晋升了。
(3) 拒绝接纳。如：
The club has closed it’s doors to newmembers. 俱乐部已停止接纳新会员。
3. fromdoor to door
(1) 挨家挨户。如 ：
He sells books (from) door todoor. 他挨家挨户推销书。
(2) 从一家到另一家。如：
Door to door, it’s exactly 100 milesto his house. 从我家到他家直接距离正好是100英里。
The journey takes about an hour, doorto door. 从这家到那家的路程要用一个小时。
4. indoors在室内。如：
You’d better remain in doors.我最好呆在室内。
5. nextdoor (to)
(1) 隔壁。如：
He lives next door (to us).他住在(我们)隔壁。
Next door was Mr Smith.隔壁住的是史密斯先生。
(2) 几乎，差不多。如：
I’m afraid it’s next door toimpossible that we’ll be there on time. 看来我们几乎不可能准时赶到了。
6. openthe door to [for]
(1) 给……开门。如：
Don’t open the door to strangers,it’s not safe. 不要给陌生人开门，那不安全。
(2) 给……以机会，为……创造条件。如：
The agreement opens the door toadvances in every field.
此协议为各方面的发展创造了条件。
7. outof doors 在户外。如：
We often have our food out of doorsin summer. 我们夏天经常在室外吃饭。
They work out of doors.他们在户外干活。
8. show[see] sb to the door 送某人到门口。如：
Mr Brown is leaving now. Will youshow him to the door? 布朗先生要走了，你送他去门口好吗?
My secretary will see you to thedoor. 我的秘书将送你到门口。
9. showsb the door 驱赶某人，下逐客令。如：
I showed him the door.我把他撵走了。
After a long argument he showed methe door. 争论了好一阵之后，他向我下了逐客令。
10. two(three, four……) doors away [off, from ……] 隔壁第二(三、四)家。如：
He lives three doors away[off]. 他住在隔壁第三家。
She lived a few doors fromMary. 她住在玛丽隔壁几家。
doubt
1. have(there is) no doubt that-clause 肯定，毫无疑问。如：
There’s no doubt that he willcome. 他肯定会来。
I have no doubt that he will pass theexam. 我敢肯定他考试能及格。
2. have(there is) some doubt whether-clause 怀疑，不敢肯定。如：
There is some doubt whether he willwin. 他是否会赢，还不敢肯定。
3. havedoubt about [of] 对……表示怀疑。如：
I have some doubt about hiswords. 我怀疑他所述之言的真实性。
We had no doubt about [of] hishonesty. 我们相信他是诚实的。
4. indoubt怀疑，犹豫，不肯定。如 ：
He is in doubt (about) what todo. 他还没有确定要做什么。
When in doubt about the usage,consult the dictionary. 对用法拿不准时，查一下字典。
5. nodoubt
(1) 肯定地。如：
No doubt Tom is the cleverest.汤姆肯定是最聪明的。
(2) 想必。如：
You no doubt know what’shappened. 你想必已经知道发生了什么事情。
6. without (a) doubt毫无疑问，一定地。如：
Without a doubt these theories areall wrong. 毫无疑问，这些理论都是错误的。
dozen
1. dozens of 许多，若干。如：
She’s got dozens ofboy-friends. 她的男朋友多极了。
I’ve been there dozens oftimes. 我去那儿去过几十次了。
2. bythe dozen 按打(出售)。如：
It’s cheaper by the dozen.成打买可以便宜些。
The eggs are sold by thedozen. 鸡蛋按打出售。
3. indozens成打地。如：
Pack them in dozens.按打装袋吧。
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