实用高中英语短语与句型词典
practice
1. it’s one’s practice to do sth 做某事是某人的习惯。如：
It was his practice to get upearly. 他习惯于早起。
It’s her practice to have a cold bathin the morning. 她早上习于冷水冲凉。
注：有时可将 one’s 换成不定冠词。如：
It is a dangerous practice to get offa bus before it stops. 车未停稳就下车是危险的做法。
2. in practice
(1) 实际上，实行起来(用作状语)。如：
It was quite useless inpractice. 这在实际中毫无用处。
It sounded like a good idea, but inpractice it didn’t work. 那听起来像个好主意，但实际上不奏效。
(2) 业务熟练，没有荒疏(用作表语)。如：
I am not much in practice.我不很熟练了。
(3) (医生)在开业。如：
Is Doctor Jones still in practicethere? 琼斯医生还在那儿开业行医吗?
3. make a practice of (doing) sth 有做某事的习惯，经常做某事。如：
He makes a practice of going to bedearly. 他有早睡的习惯。
I’ll lend you the money this time,but I don’t intend tomake a practice of it. 我这次把钱借给你，但下不为例。
4. out of practice 荒疏，缺乏练习。如：
I can’t speak English fluently as Iam out of practice. 我不能流利地说英语，因为我已荒疏了。
He is out of practice at playing thepiano. 我弹钢琴荒疏了。
5. put sth into [in] practice 将某事付诸实施。如：
How will you put your plan into [in]practice? 你要如何把你的计划付诸实施?
We have made out the plan and now wemustputitintopractice. 计划已制定好，现在我们必须要将其付诸实施。
6. the practice of doing sth 做某事的习惯。如：
I don’t like his practice of going tobed late. 我不喜欢他晚睡的习惯(做法)。
He has given up the practice ofsmoking. 他已戒除了抽烟的习惯。
practise
1. practise (doing) sth
(1) 练习做某事。如：
The boy practise (playing) the pianoevery day. 这男孩每天练习弹钢琴。
They are practising singing the newsong. 他们正在练习唱新歌。
(2) 经常做某事以养成习惯。如：
He advised me to practise getting upearly. 他劝我早起。
He practises taking a walk aftersupper. 他晚饭后常去散步。
2. practise as 开业当……。如：
He has passed his law examinationsand is now practisingas a lawyer. 他已通过法律考试，现在正开业当律师。
My brother is now practising as adentist. 我兄弟现在开业当牙科医生。
praise
1. in praise of 赞扬，称赞。如：
Much was said in praise ofhim. 赞扬他的话说了很多。
She wrote a book in praise of countrylife. 她写了一本歌颂田园生活的书。
2. praise sb for sth 因为某事而赞扬(表扬)某人。如：
The teacher praised him for his goodspoken English. 老师赞扬他英语口语好。
People praise this place for itsscenery. 人们称赞这个地方风景优美。
注：该结构有时可以不完整。如：
He praised her. 他表扬她。
He praised her courage.他表扬她有勇气。
He praised her for hercourage. 他表扬她有勇气。
prefer
1. I’d prefer it if… 我希望……。如：
I should prefer it if you didn’t gothere alone. 我倒希望你不要一个人去那儿。
Of course, I would prefer it if Ididn’t have to do so much work. 当然，要是不让我做那么多工作，我就高兴了。
注：if 从句通常用过去式。
2. prefer to do [doing] sth 宁愿做某事，更喜欢做某事。如：
I prefer walking alone.我喜欢一个人溜达。
A：Can I give you a lift?你顺便坐我的车走吗?
B: No, thanks. I prefer towalk. 不用了，谢谢，我喜欢步行。
注：用不定式或动名词的区别是：表示一般情况通常用动名词，表示特定动作通常用不定式。另外当动词 prefer 与 would 或should 连用时，它总是表示特定的想法， 所以其后总是接不定式。如：
正：We would prefer to do itlater. 我们宁愿以后做它。
误：We would prefer doing it later.
3. prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事。如：
Their parents prefer them to be homeearly. 他们的父母希望他们早点回家。
We (should) prefer her not to go withus. 我们宁愿她不同我们一去。
4. prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth 喜欢……而不喜欢……，宁愿……而不愿……。如：
He prefers tea to coffee.他喜欢喝茶而不喜欢喝咖啡。
He prefers swimming to riding as asport. 作为一项运动项目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。
注：这类结构的 prefer 前有时也可用 would, should 等。如：
We would prefer playing outdoors towatching television. 我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
5. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 喜欢……而不喜欢，宁愿……而不愿……。如：
I prefer to walk there rather than goby bus. 我宁愿走路去而不愿乘公共汽车去。
He prefers to read rather than watchtelevision. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。
注：该句型 rather than 后的动词通常用动词原形， 有时也用带 to 不定式或用动名词，但均不及用动词原形常见。
prepare
1. be prepared against sth 对(某种不好的东西)作好准备。如：
We must be prepared againstwar. 我们必须备战。
2. be prepared for sth 准备(有某种情况)，防备(某情况)。如：
We were not prepared for the heavyrain. 我们没有提防要下这么大一场雨。
She wasn’t prepared for thequestion. 对于这个问题他是没有思想准备的。
3. be prepared to do sth 准备做某事，打算做某事，愿意做某事。如：
I’m prepared to accept it.我准备接受。
How much is she prepared topay? 他准备付多少钱?
比较：
We are prepared to do it.我们已准备好(或愿意)做此事。
We are preparing to do it.我们正在准备要做此事。
4. prepare for sth 为……准备。如：
We must prepare for the party.我们必须为聚会做准备。
The children are preparing for theirlessons. 孩子们正在预习功课。
注：该句型中的介词 for 有时可省略。省略 for 与不省略 for的细微区别是：省略for 表示“准备……”，相当于get sth ready, 常暗示所需时间较短；不省略 for 表示“为……准备”，
相当于 make preparations for,常暗示所需时间较长。如：
I’d better go upstairs and prepareher room. 我最好上楼去给她准备房间。
We only heard about the meetingyesterday, so we haven’tstarted preparing for it yet.我们只在昨天才听说开会的事，所以到现在还没有开始准备。
5. prepare sb sth / prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物。如：
She is preparing us a meal. / She ispreparing a meal forus. 她在给我们准备饭菜。
6. prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事作好准备。如：
They’re preparing the children forthe examination. 他们在指导孩子准备考试。
He prepared her for the badnews. 他要她作好接那坏消息的心理准备。
注：有时用于 prepare sb to dosth。如：
We’ll prepare the child to face thedifficulty. 我们要教孩子准备面对困难。
7. prepare to do sth 准备做某事。如：
Have you prepared to go on atrip? 你准备好去旅行了吗?
He prepared to write a novel aboutthe war. 他准备写一本战争小说。
pretend
1. pretend to do sth
(1) 假装做某事。如：
He pretended to be ill.他假装生病了。
He pretended to like us, but hedidn’t. 他假装喜欢我们，但其实并不喜欢。
(2) 假扮做某事。如：
Let’s pretend to be soldiers.我们来假扮军人吧。
注：pretend 后的不定式有时根据情况可用进行式或完成式。如：
He pretended to be doing hishomework. 他假装在做作业。
He pretended not to have seenme. 他假装没看见我。
prevent
1. prevent one’s doing sth 阻止某人做某事。如：
The rain prevented his coming.大雨使他不能来。
Nothing will prevent my marryingher. 我要娶她为妻，什么也阻不了。
2. prevent sb (sth) (from) (doing) sth 阻止某人(某事)做某事。如：
The rain prevented him (from)coming. 大雨使他不能来。
We couldn’t prevent her from spendingthe money. 我们无法阻止她花这笔钱。
注：该句型中的介词 from 通常可省略，但在被动语态中通常不省略。如：
She was prevented by illness fromtaking the exam. 她因病未能参加考试。
price
1. at a price 以相当高的价格，以相当高的代价。如：
He won but only at a price.他赢了，但付出了很高的代价。
There are fresh oranges in thisshop----at a price. 这个店子有新鲜桔子卖，但很贵。
比较：以各句中的介词 at 表示“以……价格(代价)”。如：
I will buy the furniture at thatprice. 我愿按那个价格买下家具。
They won the battle, but at the priceof many lives. 他们打赢了这一战，但却牺牲了许多生命。
2. What’s the price of……? ……的价格是多少?
What’s the price of the thiscamera? 这部照相机多少钱?
注：不说 How much is the priceof……? 但可说 How much is something?如：
How much is this camera?这部照相机多少钱?
pride
1. pride oneself on (doing) sth 以(做)某事而自豪。如：
She prides herself on cooking.她以会做饭而感到自豪。
He prided himself on knowing 10languages. 他为自己懂得十种语言而自豪。
2. take [feel, show] pride in (doing) sth 以(做)某事而感到骄傲(自豪)。如：
She takes great pride in herchildren’s success. 她为自己孩子取得的成绩感到无比骄傲。
He feels pride in his wealth.他对自己的财富感到自豪。
A man has a right to show pride inhis library. 一个有权对自己的藏书表示自豪。
注：有时可用不定冠词。如：
He takes (a) great pride in hiswork. 他对自己的工作很自豪(得意)。
prison
1. (be) in prison 坐牢，受监禁。如：
He has been in prison for 5years. 他已坐了五年牢。
He died in prison.他死于狱中。
2. cast [put, throw] sb into prison 把某人关入监狱。如：
The thief was put into prison.小偷被关进了监狱。
The two brothers were thrown intoprison. 两兄弟都被关进了监狱。
3. send [take] sb to prison 把某人关入监狱。如：
He was sent to prison for fiveyears. 他被判五年监禁。
They were sent [taken] to prison forstealing money. 他们因偷钱被关进监狱。
prize
1. award (sb) a prize 授(予某人)奖。如：
The judges awarded her the firstprize for her picture. /
The judges awarded thefirstprizetoherforherpic
1. win a prize 获奖。如：
She won first prize forsinging. 她获唱歌头等奖。
He won a prize for writing the beststory. 他获得了最佳故事创作奖。
注：有时也用动词 gain, get, take, receive等。如：
He got [gained, took] (the)firstprizeatthespeechcon
problem
1. no problem
(1) 不用谢，别客气(用于回答感谢)。如：
A：Thank you very much.非常感谢你。
B：No problem. 别客气。
(2) 没关系(用于回答道歉)。如：
A：Excuse me for smoking here.请原谅我在这儿抽烟了。
B：No problem. 没关系。
(3) 没问题，小事一桩。如：
A：Could you post the letter forme? 请帮我寄这封信好吗?
B：No problem. 没问题。
2. solve a problem 解决问题(难题)。如：
He’s solved the problem.他已解决了那个问题。
They are discussing how to slove theproblem. 他们在讨论如何解决这个难题。
progress
1. in progress 在进行中，在举行。如：
The harvest is still inprogress. 收割仍在进行中。
The building of the bridge is inprogress. 桥梁正在建造中。
2. make progress 进步，前进，进展。如：
Study hard [well] and make progressevery day. 好好学习，天天向上。
He makes no progress in hisstudies. 他的学业没有进步。
We made great progress with ourwork. 我们在工作上取得了很大的进步。
promise
1. make a promise 答应，许愿。如：
It’s easy to make a promise.许愿是容易的。
He made a promise that he would payback within a week. 他答应在一周之内会偿还。
2. promise sb sth / promise sth to sb 答应给某人某物。如：
He promised me a quick answer.他答应(我)尽快答复。
He promised me a reward. / Hepromised a reward to me. 他答应给我报酬。
3. promise to do sth 答应做某事。如：
I promise to come.我答应来。
He promised to lend me somemoney. 他答应借给我一些钱。
注：该句型也可用 promise that-clause来改写。如：
I promise that I will come.
He promised (that) he would lend mesome money.
4. promise sb to do sth 答应某人做某事。如：
He promised me to come.他答应我来。
I promised her to stay only for amoment. 我对她说我只呆一会儿。
注：该句型也可用 promise sb that-clause来改写。如：
He promised me that he would come.
I promised her that I would stay onlyfor a moment.
protect
1. protect sb (sth) against sb (sth) 保护某人(某物)免受某事物的伤害。如：
We’re protected against the loss ofour travelling bags. 我们的行李有遗失保险。
A line of forts was built alongtheborder, toprotectthe country against attack. 在边界沿线构筑了堡垒， 以防国家受到攻击。
2. protect sb (sth) from (doing) sth 保护某人(某物)免受某事物的伤害。如：
He raised his arms to protect hisface from the blow. 他举起手臂护住脸，挡住了迎面而来的拳头。
You should protect the children fromcatching cold. 你应该防备孩子们受凉。
注：protect 后用介词 from 和 against的大致区别是：指较小的事多用from, 指较大的事多用 against。
proud
1. be proud of 对(以)……感到得意或自豪。如：
We’re proud of our motherland.我们以我们的祖国自豪。
He is proud of being rich.他以富有而自豪。
They were proud of their success(being so successful). 他们为自己的成功(取得这样的成功)而自豪。
2. be proud to do sth 做某事感到自豪。如：
I’m proud to be your friend.能与你交朋友我感到很自豪。
I’m very proud to call you myfriend. 能够与你朋友相称，我感到很自豪。
3. be proud that-clause 对……感到自豪。如：
He was proud that he was electedchairman. 他以被当选为主席为荣。
We are very proud that a pupil fromour schoolhaswonthe prize. 我们学校一个学生获了奖，我们感到很骄傲。
provide
1. provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物。如：
Sheep provides wool for us.羊为我们提供羊毛。
The villagers provided food for thesoldiers. 村民们为士兵们提供食物。
These rivers provide water forirrigation. 这些河流提供灌溉用水。
注：该句型中的介词 for 有时也可用介词 to 代之， 但不如用介词 for 普通。
2. provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物。如：
Sheep provides us with wool.羊为我们提供羊毛。
The villagers provided the soldierswith food. 村民们为士兵们提供食物。
These letters should provide us withall the information we need. 这些书应该会提供给我们所需要的信息。
注：该句型中的介词 with 有时也可省略(即provide 后接双宾语)，但以不省略为普通。
public
1. in public 公开地，在公众面前。如：
He never drinks in public.他从不在公众场合喝酒。D(16)
She is too shy to sing inpublic. 她太腼腆， 不敢在众人面前唱歌。
2. the public 公众。如：
The public is the best judge. / Thepublic are the best judges. 公众是最好的判断者。
The public is [are] requested not towalk on the grass. 请大家不要在草地上行走。
purpose
1. for…purposes 为了……的目的。如：
She learns Japanese for businesspurposes. 她学习日语是为做生意。
The land was sold in lots forbuilding purposes. 这土地一块块地出售是为了建房。
注：这类结构中的 purpose 通常用复数形式。类似的有：
for selfish purposes为了利己的目的
for scientific purposes为了科学的目的
for medical purposes为了医学的目的
for defence purposes为了防御之目的
2. on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意。如：
She broke the dish on purpose just toshow her anger. 她故意打破碟子以表示她的愤怒。
I came here on purpose to see.我是特意来看你的。
3. one’s purpose in (doing) sth 某人做某事的目的。如：
What is your purpose in beinghere? 你在这儿干什么?
Her purpose in going to the U. S. isto look for her uncle. 她去美国的目的是找她叔叔。
4. the purpose of (doing) sth 做某事的目的。如：
What was the purpose of hisvisit? 他来访的目的是什么?
He came here with [for] the purposeof seeing his family. 他来这里的目的是探亲。
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