掌握一定的构词法知识，可以降低阅读中的生词量，使阅读更流畅。构词法也是广东高考语法填空题的一个重要考点。
一、三种主要构词法
英语主要有三种构词法，即转化法、合成法和派生法。
1. 转化法就是把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种词类。如：
You can water the flowers with dirty wate r.你可以用脏水浇花。
2. 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词。如：
Few people realized that dustmen were doing an importantjob. 很少有人意识到清洁工人的工作非常 重要。
3.派生法就是将一个单词附加前缀或后缀，变为一个新单词。前缀附加在单词前面，一般不改变原词的词类，但会引起词义的变化。后缀附加在单词后面，一般不改变原词的基本含义，但会引起词类的变化。如：
We think it impossible to finish the work on time.我们认为不可能按时完成这个任务。
My grandpa looks very healthy. 我爷爷看起来很健康。
二、考点提示
在语法填空中，每年至少必考一道有关构词法的题，且考查的重点是派生词。 如：
(1)We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into thenight (2007广东).
(2)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course(2008广东).
三、常见前缀与后缀
1. 常见前缀
前缀
含义
例词
en-
使可能
enrich丰富 enable 使能够，使有机会 enlarge扩大
dis-
不，否定
dissatisfy使不满意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意
dishonesty不诚实 disadvantage 不利条件
un＋adj.
不～
unable不能够 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy不开心的
un+ v.
做相反动作
undress脱衣服 unload 卸货 uncover 揭开
in-
im-
ir-
il-
不，非
inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的
impolite不礼貌的 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的
irregular 不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的
illogical不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的
non-
不，非
non-existent不存在的non-stop 直达的,连续不断的
mis-
错误的，坏的
misunderstand误解 mislead误导 misfortune厄运,不幸
re
重复，再
rewrite重写, remarry 再婚
super-
在上面，超级
supermarket超市 supermodel超级名模 superstar 超级明星
under-
在……之下
underestimate低估 underground 地下的
inter-
相互，之间
international国际的 interact 交流,合作,相互作用
semi-
半
semifinal半决赛 semicircle 半圆 semi-conscious半昏迷半清醒的
multi-
多，多种
multi-national多国的 mu lti-colored多种颜色的 multi-cultural多文化的
kilo-
千
kilometer千米,公里 kilogram 千克,公斤
tele-
远
telephone电话 television 电视
a-
在……上/里
向…….
aboard在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面
aside向旁边 abroad在国外
2. 名词后缀
后 缀
含 义
例 词
n. +er
相关的人
farmer农夫 officer 官员
v.+er
从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人
teacher教师 worker 工人
rea der读者 writer 作家
地点名词+er
住在某处的人
Londoner 伦敦人villager 村民
-ess
女……
actress 女演员 hostess 女主人
-or
同er-
conductor售票员 visitor 游客,参观者 inventor发明家
actor演员 survivor 幸存者 editor 编辑
-ar
同er-
beggar乞丐
-ese
某国人,某国语
Chinese 中国人,汉语 Japanese
日本人,日语
-ian
从事某职业的人
musician音乐家 physician医师,内科医生
-ist
从事某职业的人
scientist科学家 dentist牙医 pianist钢琴家 artist 艺术家
communist共产主义者 socialist社会主义者
v.+~ment
行为的结果
argument争论 judgment判断
-ness
状态,情况,特征
happiness幸福 illness疾病
-tion
动作,行为
dictation听写 preparation准备
-ship
身份,状态
leadership领导 friendship友谊 citizenship 国籍；公民权
-ance
acceptance接受 appearance 外表；出现
-ence
confidence信息 reference参考
n.+ful
以该名词容量为单位的量
glassful 一杯 mouthful一口
plateful一盘 spoonful一羮匙
-al
refusal拒绝 denial 抵赖 arrival 到达 approval赞成；批准 burial 埋葬； 葬礼 survival幸存
-y
difficulty困难 possibility 可能性
-ism
socialism社会主义 materialism唯物主义
3 . 形容词后缀
后 缀
例 词
-al
industrial 工业的national国家的,民族的
-an
European欧洲的 American
美国的,美洲的
-ern
eastern东方的 northern北方的 southern南方的
-able
reasonable合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable难以忍受的
-ful
careful仔细的,小心的 cheerful兴高采烈的 beautiful美丽的
-ish
childish孩子般的 selfish自私的 foolish愚蠢的
-ive
active活跃的,积极的 creative创造性的 destructive破坏的；毁灭性的
-y
thirsty口渴的 dirty脏的 windy有风的
-en
golden金色的,金的 wooden木的,木质的 woolen羊毛的
-ous
continuous持续的various各种各样的
-ary
imaginary幻想的 revolutionary革命的
-ic
realistic现实的 historic历史的
-some
troublesome麻烦的 lonesome孤独的, 寂寞的
-like
childlike孩子般的,单纯的womanlike女人般的
-ly
friendly友好的 lovely可爱的
-less
careless粗心的 harmless无害的 homeless无家可归的 useless无用的
4. 动词后缀
后缀
含义
例 词
-en
使……成为,
使……具有
widen加宽 sharpen削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强
shorten缩短 soften软化 quicken加快
adj.+ize
使……变成,使……化
Americanize美国化 civilize使开化
modernize 现代化 nationalize国有化
-y
使……化
beautify美化 simplify简化
5. 副词后缀
-ly是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：
slowly 缓慢地 happily高兴地 truly真实地 wholly全部地 simply纯粹地
四、解题技巧
解答这类试题，首先要结合不同词类的不同用法来分析判断用哪种词类的词，然后再根据构词法将括号中的词改为所需要的词类。具体来说，须注意以下四点。
1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。
(1)Do you know the ______ _______(deep) of theriver?
(2)His ________________(careful) resulted in the terribleaccident
(3)He is one of the ____ __________ (science) who supportthis theory.
2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：
(1)Plea se pay _________________ (attend) to your handwriting.
(2) His _______________ (arrive) made the situationworse.
(3)The teacher was angry at my _______________(come)late.
3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。如：
(1)The boy ran ___________ (quick) to school.
(2)“What’s that?” Father shouted ______________(angry).
(3)The little girl is _______________（extreme）eager to knowthe result of the exam。
(4)Your composition is________________(bad) organized.Please do your writing exercise ____________ ( attend) nexttime.
(5). He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”___________ (high).
4. 名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语, 如果所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。
(1) What’s the ________________ (width) river in theworld?
(2) The ________________(strength) we become, the moremodest we should be.
五、即时训练
单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary was very_______ at the news, so she looked _______ at her husband, her eyesfull of _______ (sad).
2. He__________football very well and he was one of the best ________ inyesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Look! How__________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ___________ girlin the world (happy).
4. To our_____________, the headmaster was very ____________ with ourreport.(satisfy)
5. Edison was agreat ____________. During his life he had many ____________.(invent)
6. I should___________ my task and make it ____________ to finish it.(simple)
7. The boy havingthe ___________ of being half starved _____________, never to beseen again. (appear)
8. The police____________ the pot and _____________ a plot against thePresident. (cover)
9. You are so____________ to help me. Thank you for your _____________.(kindly)
10. Everything isbecoming ____________ than before and many college students had towork to make some mone y for their college _____________.(expend)
11.In a word, tosave time is _________(long) life.
12.Before the tripI thought we were rich but today I learnt who is ___________ (true)rich.
13.The race gave agreat deal of _______________ (please).
14.It was his ninth year of school and his academic career that seemedto be in ruins, so I was full of ______ (angry).
15..and viruses, soI’m very careful not to give out my ____________ (person)information.
16.With this, theboy got up and walked away, le aving his father sitting on theircomfortable sofa, totally __________ (speech).
17.Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my________(appreciate) I decided to get her a present.
18. (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10minutes to complete the rest. 19.Some people werenow waiting for her service and the waitress grew abit_____________(patience).
20.“Thirty-five cents,” shesaid (rude).
21.Imust know how to care for others and try not to (understand)them.
22.You have done well and made great achievement inthe _____(entertain) field.
23.These peoplehave made great _____________ (contribute) to China with theirwork.
24.The stormdamaged several_________ (new) built buildings.
25.Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit).It can help children become creative.
26.…they can seeplays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention thelatest __________(excite) footballmatch.
