为了培养同学们的发现问题,分析问题,和解决问题的能力,命题人也常常出一些通过排除从而推知未知的东西的试题,而这我们要用排除法。
所谓排除法就是根据题目的要求,结合所学知识,排除题干中的冗余信息或者四个选项中的错误选项,从而降低理解难度,缩小选择范围,快速明确答案,提高命中率。具体来说有以下几点:
一、排除题干中的冗余信息
这些冗余信息包括插入语、定语从句、伴随状语等:
1. John plays football ___, if notbetter than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D.so well as
解析:若能排除题干中的插入语If not better than此题难度则大大降低,该题考查副词的比较等级的用法,as well as 这里意为“和......一样好”。答案是B。
2. Is this the girl ___you think iskind and honest?
A. which B. who C. whom D. of whom
解析:若能排除题干中的插入语youthink,便会发现定语从句缺少主语。而且指人,应用关系代词who,因此答案为B。
3. Hardly had all the points that theteacher taught ____down when the bell rang.
A. to taken B. taking C. taken D. beentaken
解析:此题句子结构复杂,难度颇大,里边包含hardly...when...句型,表示“一……就……”。若能识别出定语从句thatthe teacher taught ,则会发现其余部分是被动语态,答案为D。该句意为:我刚抄写完老师教的知识点就下课了。
4. Mr. Green together with his wife andchildren ___to Egypt by air for the ten –day holiday.
A. go B. have gone C. is going D. aregoing
解析:题干中together with his wife andchildren 是伴随状语而不是并列主语。这样主语只有Mr.Green,据此判断谓语动词应用单数形式,只有C项符合乎要求。因此答案是C。
5. We didn’t plan our art exhibitionlike that but it ____very well.
A. worked out B. tired out C. went onD. carried on
解析:本题中的tired out 是“精疲力竭”;went on是“继续进行”;carriedon是“进行下去”。通过上文“并没计划着像那样”,说明这一活动已结束,而从上面已知的B/C/D都无法表达这一语义,我们熟知workout 有“算出、解决”的意思,进一步延伸就是“结果”,所以选A。
6. It’s generally believed thatteaching is ___it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an artas
解析:本题考查的是as...as结构中的语序,所以A、B都不合适。因为第一个as是副词,所以它不能直接修饰名词结构,它要求把这一结构中的形容词提到冠词之前,故本题选D。
评注:为了培养学生们的探索精神,以及在阅读中面对未知单词有良好的心理素质,命题人有意设计一个我们十分陌生的表达方式。我们可以依据我们所知道的、熟知的条件把它放在新的语境中,如果都不合适,那麽不熟悉的就可能是我们要选择的。
二、排除选项中的错误选项
1.Little Jim should love ____to thetheatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
解析:首先根据句意,“小吉姆是被带到剧院”,应用被动结构,故排除B、D,其次should love to do相当于wouldlike to do,表示“想做某事”,后接不定式短语,可排除C,故答案是A.
2. My dictionary ___. I have looked forit every where but still ____it.
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing;don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. ismissing; haven’t found
解析:首先根据句意“我的字典丢了”,我到处找但是还没有找到,物品丢失可以说belost , be missing ; be gone ,据此排除A/C,其次,这是一个并列句,前后时态应一致,用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响;没有找到字典,因此排除B,答案是D。
3. ____, Mother will wait for him tohave dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he islate
C. However is he late D. However latehe is
解析:首先however引导的状语从句应用陈述语序,排除A/C;其次,在该状语从句中,however后边要紧接一个形容词或副词,排除B,故答案是D。
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