请同学们来看下面这几个句子。
I like swimming. 宾语
He has a pen.宾语
My sister wants to be a teacher.宾语
I think he is right.宾语
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。
一．宾语从句的连接词
1. 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
小练习：
1. I hear (that) _______________________. （一小时后他会回来）
2. He said (that) ______________________. （他非常想念我们）
3. The teacher told us (that) ___________________________. （地球围着太阳转）
4.
he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun.
2. 由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which，what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句.这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
小练习：
1. He asked .(谁能回答这个问题）
2. Do you know ? （哪一个比较小）
3. Can you tell me ?（他在哪儿）
4. Could you tell me ?（我该怎么去车站）
how I can get to the station which is the smaller where he is who could answer the question
3. 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”， 不做句子成分。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
注意：
· It depends on __________it is going to rain. （whether）
I don’t know _________it is a bird or not. （whether）
Lily asked ________to take some food （whether）
（注意：与 不定式连用；做介词的宾语；与 or not 连用时-----用 whether。
小练习：
1. I want to know __________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）
3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）
If(whether) he will go to the park with us. Whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not.
填入合适的连词
(1) He knew _________he should work hard. （that）
(2) She asked _________I was a teacher. （if）
(6) I wonder _________my mum is doing now. （what）
(7) My mother asked ______helped me yesterday. （who）
(8) ---Can you tell me _______you came last night ? （how）
---By bus
考点归纳(1)——宾语从句的连接词
· 1、That 只起连接作用，在句子中不做句子成分，在口语中 常被省略
· 2、If 和 whether 起 连接作用，不做句子成分。
· （注意：与 不定式连用；做介词的宾语；与 or not 连用-----用 whether。
· 3、疑问词 who、 what 、when、 where 、whom 、whose 、why、 how 、 which 在句子中 既起连接作用，又做句子成分。
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
小练习：
(1) Can you tell me ____?
(A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see)
(2) The teacher asked the students ____.
(A. what they were doing B. what were they doing )
(3) She wants to know____.
( A. where does he live B. Where he lives )
(4) Her father asked _____.
(A. who the tallest is B. who is the tallest )
(5) Do you know ____?
(A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is )
BABBA
· 考点归纳(2)——宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句（即主语+谓语）的顺序。
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。即，从句可用所需的任何时态
如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
He says Mary is playing with the cat .
He says Mary often plays with the cat.
He says Mary will play with the cat.
I think he left yesterday morning.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
He said,“Mary is playing with the cat.” →
He said Mary was playing with the cat.
He said, “he will go back to China soon.” →
He said he would go back to China soon
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
The teacher said, “the moon moves around the sun.”
→ The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.
He said, “light travels much faster than sound.”
→ He said light travels much faster than sound.
4、当主句为 Could you (please) tell us-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。
小练习：用所给词的适当形式填空
(1) He says that he _________ (read) now .
(2) Can you tell me if they _________ (finish) the work already ?.
(3) Dou you know where John ________(go) yesterday?
(4) My sister told me she _________ (be) free tomorrow.
(5) I wanted to know if you __________(like) the movie.
(6)The teacher told us the earth _________(go) around the sun.
(7) Could you tell me if there __________(be) a hospital near here?
Is reading have finished went would be liked goes is
· 考点归纳(3)——宾语从句的时态
· 1、当主句动词为一般现在时，从句可用所需的任何时态。
· 2、当主句动词为一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
· 3、当宾语从句为客观真理时 ，用一般现在时态，不受主句时态的限制。
· 4、当主句为 Could you (please) tell us-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。
5. 有关宾语从句的补充说明
1)、宾语从句的标点由主句决定。
He doesn’t know who he is ( . )
Dose he know who he is ( ? )
2)、主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I think he isn’t a student. ×
I don’t think he is a student. √
I don’t think he is a student. Is he?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
(1) I think he is a good teacher,_____________. （反意疑问句）
I _________ think he ________good teacher.(将上句变否定句）
(2）I don’t know if he ________ ( come ) tomorrow
if he_______( come), I will have a party for him
(3) Do you know when Mary ____________(arrive)？
When she _____ (arrive), please tell me
(4) Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
Can you tell me ____ _____ _____ _____the railway station?
isn’t he don’t is will come comes will arrive arrives how to get to
有关宾语从句的补充说明(5)
1、宾语从句的标点由主句决定。
2、think、believe 、suppose 等接宾语从句，注意否定转移
并依据从句完成 反意疑问句。
中考真题连接
( ) 1. The new –designed car is on show now. I wonder____.(2009 河北）
A how much it cost B how much did it cost C how much it costs D how much does it cost
( )2 --- I really hope to keep in touch with Lily. (2009武汉）
----Sorry .I don’t know _____.
A what her name is B what her job is C what her number is D when she left
( )3 ----Do you know __the man with sun glasses is?
---- I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter. (2009 江西）
A. who B. what C. where D. how
( ) 4 ---Could you please tell me _____?（ 2009 黄石）
--- Go straight along the road, then turn right. You will find it .
A. where the station is B. where is the station C. where the station was D. where was the station
( ) 5 ---Can you tell me when____? --- About two weeks ago.（2009 宁夏）
A. does he buy the car B. did he buy the car C. he bought the car D. he buys the car
( ) 6 ---Can you tell me ____? ---By doing more speaking.（2009 黄冈）
A. how I can improve my English B. which way can I choose
C. how do I deal with my English D. what’s wrong with my English
( ) 7 She asked _____.(2009 绥化）
A what will they choose B which would they choose C what they would choose
( )8 I really want to know _____.（2009 兰州）
A what is wrong with my brother B how will he go to Beijing tomorrow
C if had he bought that car D where did he go yesterday
( ) 9 Miss Green didn’t tell us ____ in 2002, but now she lives in our school.
A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived
( ) 10 No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
CCBAC ACADD
四．直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
1. 陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”.
He said that I was younger than him.
2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.
He says that Tom is a good student.
2. 一般疑问句变为if (whether) 引导的宾语从句
（将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句if/whether连接，同时变成陈述句语序。）
e.g. 1. She said, “Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”
She said if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper
2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.
He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall.
3. 特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句
（将普通的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。）
e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?”
He asked where I lived.
2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.
He asked how they could get to the post-office.
4. 祈使句变为引导的宾语从句
（将祈使句变为宾语从句时，用ask/tell/order sb (not) to do sth等转述。）
e.g. 1. Mr Green said to his son, “Open the door.”
Mr Green told his son to open the door.
2. The police shouted to him, “Hands up.”
The police ordered him to put up his hands.
注意：
1）当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化如下：
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
2）人称的变化
（1）直接引语中第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。
She said, “I like tennis.” →
She said that she liked tennis.
(2) 直接引语中第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。
He said to lily, “You have to get up early .” →
He told lily that she had to get up early.
(3) 直接引语中第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。
He said to me, “They want to help him.” →
He told to me they wanted to help him.”
（口诀：一主，二宾，三不变）
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