英语语音基础知识

要想拥有完美的英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。

关于语音的几个概念

1. 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母：a, e, i(y), o, u,

2. 音标：词的语音形式。

3. 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4. 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5. 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6. 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7. 开音节：

    1) 辅音+元音+辅音+e：name bike

    2) 辅音+元音：he, go, hi

8. 闭音节：

    1) 辅音+元音+辅音：bad, bed, sit, hot, cup

    2)元音+辅音：it

9. 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

元音

1. [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2. [i] sit, build, miss, myth

3. [e] bed, desk, head

4. [æ] bad, land, bank, stamp

5. [a:] car, fast, class, plant

6. [ɔ] hot, want

7. [ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball

8. [u:] good, who, blue, soup

9. [u] look, put, women, could

10. [Λ] cup, come, blood, rough

11. [ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse

12. [ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite

13. [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great

14. [ai] bike, die, neither, light

15. [әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

16. [au] house, town

17. [ɔi] boy, oil

18. [iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce

19. [εә] pear, care, there, fair

20. [uә] tour, poor 

容易混淆的元音

1. [e] [æ] bed bad; men man; pen pan; lend land

2. [i:] [ei] real rail; greet great; mean main; read raid

3. [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head hide

4. [au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor

辅音

1. [p] pen

2. [b] bed, job

3. [t] tell

4. [d] day, played, wanted

5. [k] cold, sky, quick, school

6. [g] big, go, guess, language

7. [m] man

8. [n] nine, knife, autumn

9. [η] bank, uncle, English, sing

10. [l] land, world

11. [r] read, write

12. [f] five, cough, laugh

13. [v] voice, of

14. [θ] think

15. [ð] this, bathe

16. [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17. [z] zoo, close

18. [ʃ] sure, she, social, nation

19. [ʒ] pleasure

20. [h] hot, who, hour

21. [w] wall, what, answer

22. [j] yes

23. [tʃ] child, teach, catch

24. [dʒ] joke, bridge

25. [ts] boats

26. [dz] goods

27. [tr] tree

28. [dr] dream

容易混淆的辅音

1. [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2. [s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3. [z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4. [n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang; win wing; ran rang 

读音规则

1. 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例子)

2. 非重读音节

    [ә] banana, student, today, after

    [i] secret, orange, Monday, evening, very

3. 特殊读音

    1) 音的连读：not a-t all, half a-n hour, after all

    2) 失去爆破：goo(d) girl, goo(d) job, bi(g) boys, sto(p) Kate, pu(b) girls, foo(t)ball, ta(ke) Bobby

    3) 音的同化：this year(∫), Would you do it?(dʒ) Can't you see it?(tʃ)

注意：

1. 注意字母c, g, j, h, m, n的正确发音。

2. 中国学生经常混淆l, n的发音。我们可以用这个方法来练习：捏住鼻子读“light”，如果鼻腔没震动就是正确的；读“night”时，鼻腔震动了就是正确的。