膝关节骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis)-解剖

​Osteoarthritis(OA)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. Osteoarthritis of the knee affects the bones, the cartilage, and the synovium in the knee joint. It is a degenerative,'wear-and-tear' type of arthritis that occurs most often in people 50 years of age and older, but may occur in younger people, too.

In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the knee joint gradually wears away. As the cartilage wears away, it becomes frayed and rough, and the protective space between the bones decreases. This can result in bone rubbing on bone, and produce painful bone spurs.

Osteoarthritis develops slowly and the pain it causes worsens over time.

骨关节炎

骨关节炎是膝关节最常见的关节炎。膝关节骨关节炎影响膝关节的骨、软骨和滑膜，是一种退行性的“磨损型”关节炎，通常发生在50岁以上的人群，但也可能发生于年轻人。

在骨关节炎中，膝关节的软骨逐渐磨损，变得粗糙，骨之间的保护空间减少，这会导致骨于骨的摩擦，产生疼痛、骨刺。

骨关节炎发展缓慢，随着时间的推移疼痛会加重。

Anatomy

The knee is the largest and strongest joint in your body. It is made up of the lower end of the femur (thighbone), the upper end of the tibia (shinbone), and the patella (kneecap). The ends of the three bones where they touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth, slippery substance that protects and cushions the bones as you bend and straighten your knee.

Two wedge-shaped pieces of cartilage called meniscus act as 'shock absorbers' between your thighbone and shinbone. They are tough and rubbery to help cushion the joint and keep it stable.

The knee joint is surrounded by a thin lining called the synovial membrane. This membrane releases a fluid that lubricates the cartilage and reduces friction.

解剖

膝关节是人体最大、最强壮的关节，它由股骨下端(大腿骨)、胫骨上端(胫骨)和髌骨(膝盖骨)组成。这三块骨接触面覆盖着光滑的关节软骨，当屈伸膝关节时，起保护和缓冲作用。

两块楔形半月板的软骨充当股骨和胫骨之间的“减震器”，它们坚韧而有弹性，起缓冲和稳定膝关节的作用。

膝关节周围有一层滑膜，这层膜分泌一种润滑软骨并减少摩擦的液体。

膝关节解剖