招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口译、英语笔译）

科目名称：翻译硕士英语

（考试时间3小时，满分100分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

Part I Vocabulary and Language Use (30 points, 1 pointeach)

Directions: For questions 1 through 30, select twoanswer choices that (1) complete the sentence in a way that makes sense and (2)produce sentences that are similar in meaning.

1. TheAtlantic and Pacific Highway was an important connection between East and Westcoasts in the early years of automobile travel, but it was largely _____by thedevelopment of the U.S. highway system, beginning around the mid-1920s.

(A) revitalized

(B) eradicated

(D) expanded

(E) eliminated

(F) salvaged

2. Althoughliving benefactors may provide kidneys and bone marrow to patients who needtransplants, far more organ donations______ deceased donors than living ones.

(A) startout

(B) setoff

(D) derivefrom

(E) giveto

(F) comefrom

3. Pioneersused clematis as a pepper substitute, and some Native Americans used

smalltraces to cure headaches; nevertheless, the plant is______ toxic.

(A) by nomeans

(B) ineffect

(D) essentially

(E) sporadically

(F) rarely

4.The earliest recorded inhabitants of the tiny island off Senegal were the Jola people,and they remain the ethnic group on the island.

(A) crowded

(B) dominant

(D) prevailing

(E) exceptional

(F) established

5. Inmedieval England, the general population could rarely read or write, so peoplereceived news via the______ of the town crier.

(A) proclamations

(B) advent

(D) announcements

(E) auspices

(F) rejoinders

6.Because the Choctaw adopted many cultural practices of Europeans, they were________ termed one of the “Civilized tribes” by the very people whosedescendants would later see them exiled from their homeland.

(A) callously

(B) sarcastically

(D) compassionately

(E) tolerantly

(F) reasonably

7.the school originally known as the Institute of Musical Art was moved, merged,and finally renamed after a great ________ of American music, AugustusJuilliard.

(A) narrator

(B) benefactor

(D) champion

(E) lecturer

(F) architect

8.the origin of the term Hoosier is unknown; nevertheless, there are dozens ofproposed derivations that range from logical to ________.

(A) lackluster

(B) droll

(D) convincing

(E) dubious

(F) apocryphal

9.the Japanese cartoon form known as manga covers a surprisingly ________ rangeof subject matter, from the typical action-adventure to the less familiarromance, horror, and business-related stories.

(A) restrictive

(B) broad

(D) disturbing

(E) expansive

(F) inventive

10.The so-called high seas are any body of water wherein national jurisdiction no longerapplies; an ________ term might be international waters.

(A) equivalent

(B) obvious

(D) analogous

(E) applicable

(F) appealing

11.The nocturnal birds we know as nightjars are sometimes called goatsuckers dueto the erroneous but ________ belief that they milk goats in the night.

(A) equivalent

(B) irrational

(D) popular

(E) accurate

(F) entertaining

12.Referenda, by which the general population may approve or ________ a proposed law,have been allowed in California since 1849.

(A) reject

(B) amend

(D) facilitate

(E) compose

(F) nominate

13.The long-running comic strip Blondie gave rise to a series of feature films, ________a radio show and a television sitcom.

(A) suggested by

(B) on top of

(D) following

(E) in lieu of

(F) aswell as

14.Their speed was notable, but because clipper ships were narrow and could holdonly a limited amount of freight, they were used mainly for goods that weresmall and had to be moved ________.

(A) with care

(B) economically

(D) deliberately

(E) repeatedly

(F) expeditiously

15.Plenipotentiary is one of those ________ titles given to government officialswhose job one does not quite understand.

(A) irrational

(B) arcane

(D) esoteric

(E) imperious

(F) paltry

16.Her work was always _________, with every i dotted and every t crossed.

(A) cogent

(B) incongruous

(D) meticulous

(E) opportune

(F) punctilious

17.In order that we better taste all of the flavors in the wine, the instructorrecommended ________ each sample with a small crust of bread.

(A) dunking

(B) removing

(D) chasing

(E) balancing

(F) sprinkling

18.Of the various cue sports, pool is probably the best known in America, whereas snookeris the ________.

(A) most popular

(B) leastcompetitive

(D) least demanding

(E) most exotic

(F) leastfamiliar

19.The plants known as cycads are often ________ palms, but in fact they are onlydistantly related.

(A) recognizedas

(B) adjacentto

(D) on apar with

(E) akinto

(F) takenfor

20.The ________ Rubik’s Cube measures about 21⁄4 inches on each side, with 26smaller, pivoting cubes making up the puzzle; however, there are many acceptedvariations.

(A) multihued

(B) amazing

(D) perplexing

(E) instructive

(F) standard

21.Because one-fifth of its landmass lies below sea level, the process of land reclamationis ________ to the existence of the Netherlands.

(A) imperative

(B) endemic

(D) secondary

(E) immaterial

(F) lethal

22.Della Reese began her career as a singer of gospel and jazz, but she ________hosted a talk show and acted in a television drama.

(A) previously

(B) predictably

(D) subsequently

(E) moreover

(F) inpoint of fact

23.While thousands of Americans keep tropical birds as pets, the birds’ naturalneed for warmth makes them ________ to chills caused by drafts and poweroutages.

(A) susceptible

(B) contributory

(D) causative

(E) detrimental

(F) vulnerable

24.The timber rattlesnake has the ________ Latin name Crotalus horridus,which vividly captures human revulsion to this most dangerous of snakes.

(A) official

(B) fitting

(D) distinctive

(E) apt

(F) droll

25.Luging, a sport in which you lie faceup and feetfirst on a tiny sled, is________ dangerous; a Georgian athlete died in 2008 while preparing for Olympiccompetition.

(A) extremely

(B) plainly

(D) frequently

(E) obviously

(F) surprisingly

26.Whether newspapers survive as a medium is largely ________ on how well they adaptto the age of social media and instant news.

(A) fixed

(B) contingent

(D) amassed

(E) colluded

(F) intent

27.Like many artists who ________ Islam in midlife, the jazz drummer and bandleaderArt Blakey took an Arabic name, in his case Abdullah Ibn Buhaina.

(A) espoused

(B) converted

(D) initiated

(E) embraced

(F) renounced

28.Marsupials, from the kangaroo to the opossum, are characterized by the pouch inwhich the mother ________ her young throughout their infancy.

(A) clasps

(B) nourishes

(D) suspends

(E) surrounds

(F) conveys

29.Brazil produces one-third of the world’s sugarcane, a perennial grass withthick, ________ stalks that contain raw sugar crystals.

(A) rigid

(B) stringy

(D) hardy

(E) succulent

(F) fibrous

30.Umbriel and Ariel are two moons of Uranus, first ________ on the same day,October 24, 1851, by the renowned British astronomer William Lassell.

(A) upheld

(B) classified

(D) espied

(E) observed

(F) asserted

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Section A Multiple Choices (20 points, 2 points each)

Please read the following passages and choose one fromA, B, C or D that best complete the statements or best answer the questions infront of them.

Passage One

My professorbrother and I have an argument about head and heart, about whether heovervalues IQ while I lean more toward EQ. We typically have this debate aboutpeople—can you be friends with a really smart jerk? ---but there’s corollary toanimals as well I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and thenread it to me over coffee, but I care much more about her loyal and innocentheart. There9s already enough thinking going on in our house, and we probablyspend too much time in our heads. Where we need some role modeling is ininstinct, and that’s where a dog is a roving revelation.

I did not growup with dogs, which meant that my older daughter’s respectful but unyieldingdetermination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt shewas training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breedsand their personality-ties, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they wouldcharm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was readyfor the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistakefor a third daughter.

At first Ithought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to heel, to walk calmlybeside us and not go wildly chasing the neighborhood rabbits. But I soondiscovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.

If it is true,for example, that the secret to a child’s success is less rare genius than rawpersistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especiallyif the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living roomas the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds，and she nevergives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.

Then there isher unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertimewas 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is moreeager than indignant, and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I’mnot always capable when hungry.

But the lesson Ivalue most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she wasstill very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to bespayed. We turned her over to a stranger, who proceeded to perform a proce-dure that was probably not pleasant. But when the vet returned her to us, limpand tender, there was no recrimination, no How could you do that to me? It wasas though she already knew that we would not intentionally cause her pain, andwhile she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on mydaughter’s lap.

I suppose wecould have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile. But eventuallywe knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved manytimes. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at,rebuke us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgentmessages to send. But her patience with our failings and fickleness and her willingnessto give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.

(8) Myfriends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trustedno one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was theone friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of thenight the soft, unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires todisrupt. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors andweights, a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux. Sometimes I thinkTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash, one that hangs quietlyat their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety andsolid ground.

We’ve weighed somany decisions so carefully in raising our daughters—what school to send themto and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with whatprecautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and bindsour family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallestmember.

31. Accordingto the context, the meaning of the word “square” is closest to .

(A) fast

(B) blindly

(D) stubbornly

32. Inthe first paragraph, the author suggests that .

(A) aperson can either have a high IQ or a low EQ

(B) herprofessor brother cares too much about IQ

(D) sheprefers dogs that are clever and loyal

33. Accordingto the passage, all the following are Twist’s characteristics EXCEPT .

(A) resignation

(B) patience

(D) tenacity

34. ThatTwist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that .

(A) Twistis capable of looking after the girls

(B) Twistand the girls have become friends

(D) Twist’sloyalty helps the girls grow up

35. Whatdoes the author try to express in the last paragraph?

(A) Difficultiesin raising her children.

(B) Worriesabout what to buy for kids.

(D) Concernsabout schooling and religion.

Passage Two

Some of theadvantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving “executivefunction? (which involves the brain5s ability to plan and prioritize), betterdefense against dementia in old age and---the obvious---the ability to speak asecond language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Manymultilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews,when they speak their different languages.

It’s an excitingnotion, the idea that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of twoor more languages. In obvious ways (exposure to new friends，literature andso forth) the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim---as manypeople do---to have a different personality when using a different language. Aformer Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than inEnglish. So what is going on here?

Benjamin LeeWhorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes aworldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called uWhorfian-ism”，thisidea has its skeptics，butthere are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.

This influenceis not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language.Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learnedone language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually atschool. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in theirdifferent languages—and they are not always best in their first language. Forexample, when tested in a foreign language, people areless likely to fall into a cognitive trap (answering a test question with an obvious-seemingbut wrong answer) than when tested in their native language. In part this isbecause working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder peoplefeel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, morespontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language theywere reared in from childhood.

What of “crib”bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually ha perfectlysymmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose twolanguages are very nearly the same in ability , there is another big reasonthat person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there isan important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.

Many bilingualsare not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we shouldbe little surprised that they feel different in their two languages.Experiments in psychology have shown the power of u priming —small unnoticedfactors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happystory, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between twolanguages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for abilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings offamily and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think ofschool and work.

So there are twovery good reasons (asymmetrical ability, and priming) that make people feeldifferent speaking their different languages. We are still left with a thirdkind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero,Athanasia Chalari, said for example that ：

Greeks are veryloud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greekgrammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs andthe form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know whatthey are talking a- bout after the first word and can interrupt more easily.

Is theresomething intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt?People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages5 inherent properties,and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthiesonce proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal languageof the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. SomeGermans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makesthe language especially logical. But language myths are not alwaysself-flattering ： manyspeakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult— witnessthe plethora of books along the lines of “ Only in English do you park on adriveway and drive on a parkway; English must be the craziest language in theworld!” We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes andself-stereotypes：French, rigorous；German, logical；English, playful. Of course.

In this case, MsChalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line ofcausation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and itcarries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that manyunrelated languages all a- round the world put the verb at the beginning ofsentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encodinglots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of theseunrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh,for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek,but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.

36. According tothe author, which of the following advantages of bilingualism is commonly accepted?

(A) Personalityimprovement.

(B) Better taskperformance

(D) Avoidance ofold-age disease

37. According tothe passage, that language influences thought may be related to_____.

(A) thevocabulary of a second language

(B) the grammarof a second language

(D) the slowdownof thinking in a second language

38. What is theauthor^ response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?

(A) It’s just oneof the popular tales of national stereotypes.

(B) Someproperties inherent can make a language logical.

(D) There isadequate evidence to support a positive answer

39. Which of thefollowing statements concerning Para. 9 is correct?

(A) Ms Chalari9stheory about the Greek language is well grounded.

(B) Speakers ofmany other languages are also prone to interrupting.

(D) Manyunrelated languages don’t have the same features as Greek.

40. Indiscussing the issue，theauthor’s attitude is_____.

(A) satirical

(B) objective

(D) ambivalent

Section B Short Answer Questions (20 points, 2.5 pointseach)

Directions: In this section, there are four shortanswer questions following each passage. Answer each question in no more than 50words in the space provided on the answer sheet.

Passage Three

Graduates fromunder-privileged background are to challenge the elitism of the barristers’ profession,under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of therich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among themembership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorerbackgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as wellas measures to end the “intimidating environment” of the barristers chambers whichyoung lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates.

The increasingcost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has haltedprogress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. Anumber of high-profile barristers，including the prime minister’s wife, Cherie Booth QC,have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated bywhite, middle-class male lawyers.

In a speech tothe Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, GeoffreyVos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say: “The Bar is a professional elite，by which I meanthat the Bar’s membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacyand offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind ofelitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable.”

“Unfortunately,however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Barstands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in thesense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which isbarely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds.”

Last month, Mr.Vos warned that the future of the barristers’ profession was threatened by anoveremphasis on posh accents and public school education Mr. Vos said then thatpeople from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favor of those whowere from a “snobby” background. People from a privileged background weresometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, headded. In his speech today, Mr. Vos will outline the “barriers to entry”, to acareer at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome.

The Bar Councilhas asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how thesebarriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultationpaper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement program to enablegifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts andbarristers at first hand.

The Bar Councilis also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favorableterms to allow young，aspiringbarristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course yearand then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice beforethey need to repay.

These loanswould be available alongside the Inns of Court’s scholarship and awards programs.Mr. Vos will say today: passionately believe that the professions in general,and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates fromany background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. The Barhas done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities andwe must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds.”

41. What is the“elitism of the barristers’ profession” in the United Kingdom?

42. What are thebarriers for graduates from under-privileged families to become barristers?

43. Give a briefsummary of Bar Council chairman Geoffrey Vos’s view on elitism of thebarrister's profession.

44. What are themeasures of reform to help poorer graduates become barristers?

Passage Four

Frustrated byexcessive demands at work? Resentful of being passed over for a promotion?Afraid of losing your job? Never fear. A “toxic handler” may be near. TwoUniversity of British Columbia researchers poking around at the underside ofcorporate life have identified this new kind of hero.

“Toxic handlers,”Peter Frost and Sandra Robinson write in the current Harvard Business Review，are employeesskilled in removing the “mental toxins” of the modern workplace. The toxichandler—typically a senior manager but not the top boss —listens to troubledcolleagues, invents creative solutions, and helps translate “missionimpossible” into “mission accomplished”.

And far frombeing too focused on feelings to get the job done, toxic handlers make a realcontribution to the corporate bottom line —if only by helping keep good peoplefrom leaving. One example the researchers cite is a computer executive inEurope who was asked to guide a 120- member team, already shell-shocked fromdownsizing into using as “open concept” office layout. It was a radical ideasince the employees were used to private offices.

The executive'sapproach was simply to listen to his colleagues：“He called himself ‘Big Ears，’”，says Mr. Frost.The transition went smoothly. “The only complaints were that there weren’tenough trash cans,” he says. By combining interpersonal skills with technicalcompetence, toxic handlers such as Mr. “Big Ears” help “manage organizationalpain,” Frost adds.

The article isfull of metaphors of pain and poison. But it also identifies opportunities forleadership that can be practiced by employees at any level of an organizationFrost ticks off four key points that came from his research: “The whole notionthat there are people who step in and manage pain; the fact that there’s a lotof pain out there to manage，largelyas a result of corporate downsizing; the fact that the people I dealt with (inthis research) were not 'bleeding hearts' or human-resources specialists; andthat a lot of them got pretty sick.”

It is criticalthat toxic handlers avoid taking on the pain themselves, say Frost andRobinson. Health-care professionals are typically trained to defend themselvesagainst putting their own health at risk by getting too caught up in theirpatients’ problems, Frost notes. But toxic handlers in the corporate settingrun the same risk of exposure without adequate defense. “Managers get sent inwith pop guns and little tin shields” says Frost, when they should be protected“as if they were handling radioactivity. ”

Some toxichandlers might be described simply as office peacemakers. Consider Alexandra, avice president at a financial institution in New York. She spent half her timeas peacemaker among colleagues. The new MBAs coming to work there always camein acting like they owned the world,” she told researchers. “They tended to bepretty arrogant and heavy-handed with the secretaries and clerical workers.They offended them so much that they couldn’t concentrate on their work. Sofirst I had to explain to the staff that these young professionals were... justseriously lacking in interpersonal skills. Then I had to pull the new MBAs intomy office and help them understand that being a boss didn’t mean bossing peoplearound.”

Frost’s work onthe concept of toxic handlers began when he noticed that he felt particularlyrun down and burnt out at the end of managing a stint in 1994. Since then, heand Robinson have studied what he calls a “rolling sample” of about 70 toxichandlers in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Australia. By definition, theirdata are anecdotal, and they have no means of cross-checking their subjects’stories. But Frost is confident. “We’re onto something with authenticity.”Frost and Robinson insist that toxic handlers are not “enablers” who make itpossible for their bosses to get away with bad behavior. But Frost sees thenext phase of their research focusing on “the role of the toxic handlers ineducating toxic bosses in order to improve the situation.

45. What is atoxic handler? Who can work as a toxic handler?

46. What is thesignificance of the promotion of the concept “toxic handler”？ Who firststarted the study on this concept?

47. Explainbriefly the four key points raised by Mr. Frost from his research.

48. Tell themeaning of the following metaphors used in the passage.

(a) “Hecalled himself ‘Big Ears’. ’’（para.4)

(b) “…thepeople I dealt with.… were not ‘ bleeding hearts’ or…” (para. 5)

(d) “…as if theywere handling radioactivity…”（para.6)

Part III Writing (30 points)

“A formaleducation is nothing more than the relentless revelation of one’s ownignorance.”

Discuss theextent to which you agree or disagree with the claim made above. In developingyour position, address some reasons or examples that might be used to challengeyour point of view. Around 400 words long.

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