为了避免重复，英语中的“替换”现象司空见惯，但不能张冠李戴

英语语法中的替换是指句子中的一个单词、短语或从句被另一个单词或短语（例如 one，do 或 this 等）替换，以避免重复以前使用的单词。

一般示例

在这些替换示例中，蓝色单词/短语被红色单词替换：

• My husband wants to go to Spain but I don't like it there.
• 我丈夫想去西班牙，但我不喜欢那里。
• He found out he had failed the exam. This upset him a lot.
• 他发现自己考试不及格。这让他很沮丧。
• All the cakes look nice but can I take the one with the icing on top, please?
• 所有的蛋糕看起来都很好看，但我能吃一个上面有糖霜的吗？

常用替换词

Yes 和 No

我们经常用 yes 和 no 来代替其他单词的长序列。这些是分句性替换（clausal substitution），因为它们正在替换整个句子：

• A: Do you know what you want to watch on TV tonight?
• B: Yes. (= I know what I want to watch on TV tonight)

Here 和 There

在英语语法中，我们使用诸如 here 和 there 之类的词作为替代来代替关于地点的细节。换言之，代替位置状语：

• John asked me to go for dinner at Toni's Italian, but I didn't want to go there as it's so busy at the weekend.
• I'm so glad I moved to Australia. I hope you'll visit me here one day. 

Then 和 At that time

为了取代关于时间的细节（时间状语），我们使用诸如 then 和 at that time 这样的词：

• He suggested we go at 5pm but I did not want to go then.
• I prefer going abroad at Christmas time and my friends like to go at that time of year as well.

One，The one 和 The same

这些通常被称为名词性替换，因为它们替换句子中的名词：

• Both courses look good, so I'm not sure which one to choose.
• We've finished this crossword puzzle. Do you want to start another one?
• Don't buy those shoes - I think you can find some better ones.
• He wants the beef burger with cheese, and I think I'll have the same.

Do

这通常被称为动词性替换，因为它是一种用于替换动词或动词短语的辅助动词：

• I'm sure you'll get home before I do.

我们有时也会将 do 与 so 和 same 结合起来进行替换：

• He's been exercising every day. You should do the same.
• Olivia likes pancakes and so does Jane.

So 或 Not

这两个词通常用于替换从句，因此它们是分句性替换：

• A: Do you think John will pass his driving test first time?
• B: No, I don't think so. 或 B: I think not.

This 和 That

在英语语法中，我们使用 this  和 that 作为替代以指代通常与句子的特定部分不相关的较长文本，如上面的例子所示。

它们将被归类为分句性替换，因为它们正在替换整个句子：

• There is inflation and rising unemployment in the country. This/That is going to cause problems for the government in the elections. 
• She didn't even bother to thank me, and that's why I won't help her again.

在第一个例子中，this 或 that 替换中通常是可互换的，但我们在第二个例子中使用 that 来将自己与某物或某人分离。

习题及答案

一、用下面的单词完成以下的句子

do the same / so / here / ones / one / did / at that time / that / there / then

1. I can see you liked that biscuit. Do you want another _____?

2. I passed my driving test easily. Hopefully you'll _____.

3. They are leaving Monday. Do you want to leave _____ as well?

4. A: Did he cheat? B: Yes I think _____.

5. I thought she was at the hotel but when I went to look she wasn't _____.

6. He got to the class before I _____.

7. I liked the red folders but she preferred the blue _____.

8. He got angry and _____ upset everyone.

9. My friend wants to meet at 8pm but I'm not available _____.

10. I'm at the pub. When are you going to get _____?

二、答案

1、one

2、do the same

3、then

4、so

5、there

6、did

7、ones

8、that

9、at that time

10、here

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