Have 的用法可以很简单,也可以很复杂。
Have 作为实义动词
当 have 作为实义动词时,它和其他任何动词一样需要一个助动词,例如 do,来构成疑问句和否定句,此时通常不使用它的缩写形式。
→Have 具有“拥有”或“遭受”(痛苦、疾病等)的含义
需要动词 do 来构成疑问句和否定句,其过去式是 had,此时它是一个静态动词,不能用在进行时中。
- I’ve had this watch since I was a child.
- I have a terrible headache.
通常用来谈论他人的义务:规则、规定等。在这种情况下,have 也是一个静态动词。- We have to wear a uniform at school.
- Remember you have to return the book before next month.
我们需要 do 或另一个助动词来构成疑问句和否定句。- You won’t have to show me your credential, it won’t be necessary.
Have to 的否定形式用于谈论非必要性(而不是禁止)。- I don’t have to get up too early tomorrow.
当我们 have something done 时,这意味着我们“雇佣某人为我们做某事”。- I have my house cleaned every Thursday.
- 我每周四都要打扫房子。(我雇了个人来打扫我的房子。)
当不好的事情发生时,我们也可以使用 have something done。
- He had his wallet stolen in Piccadilly.
- They had their house destroyed by the fire.
此时 have 是一个动态动词,因此它可以用于进行形式。- We are having the house redecorated.
- Where did you get your car serviced?
取决于 have 后面的单词,have 有不同的意思:后面是 a meal,a drink,a shower,a bath,a massage 和 a lesson 等,相当于 take- I’m going to have a massage tomorrow.
- How many lessons do you have every week?
- We are having a party next week; do you want to come?
后面是 trouble 和 difficulties 等,相当于 encounter- Did you have any trouble finding the place?
后面是 day,fun,weather 和 time 等,相当于 enjoy- We had a wonderful weekend in Los Angeles.
以上所有情况,have 是一个动态动词,因此它可以用进行时。- I’m having a lot of problems with my new computer.
因为此时的 have 是一个实义动词,所以需要 do 或 did 或另一个助词来形成疑问句和否定句。- Do you have a shower in the mornings?
- You won’t have any trouble.
Have 用作助动词时,通常有否定形式和疑问形式,并且可以缩写。在非正式英语中,通常使用 have got 来代替 have 谈论拥有。在表示拥有时,动词 have 单独使用时不是助动词,但在 have got 中 have 是助动词。- I haven’t got any brothers or sisters = I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
- How many computers have you got? = How many computers do you have?
- ✔:We didn’t have an umbrella and got wet.
- ❌:We hadn't got an umbrella and got wet.
- I haven’t time to do what I want.
- I haven’t the slightest idea.
在非正式英语中,我们也可以用 have got 来表达义务。它通常用来谈论具体义务,而不是一般义务。- I’ve got to call my boss after lunch.
- I have to wear a tie at work.
- I’ve been writing all morning.
- We’ve been married for ten years.
- She told me she hadn’t been there before.
- I could see in her eyes that she had been crying.
使用 have 来表示将在未来某个时间完成的操作。- In 2030 we will have found the cure for cancer.
使用 have 来表示一种情况持续到未来某个时间的持续时间。- In 2020 we will have been married for 25 years.
使用 have 结合动态动词来表示一种情况持续到未来某个时间的持续时间。- By the end of January I will have been working on this project for two years.
→Have 用于完成时不定式:to have done使用完成时不定式 to have done 来谈论过去发生的事情。- I’m glad to have met you.
- He pretended to have lost my phone number.
→Have 完成时与情态动词连用:must have done,can't have done 等用 have 完成时与情态动词连用来表示对过去发生的事情做出的推测或推断。- You can’t have seen Tom. He is in Chicago.
1、When I was a child I _____ a bicycle.a. hadn't b. didn't have c.hadn't got
2、You’ve been tidying up, _____?a. aren't you b. haven't you c. don't you3、_____ to do it now? Can’t I do it later?a. Do I have b. I've to c. Have I4、I _____ much time today, can we meet tomorrow?a. not have b. 'm not having c. haven't got5、She can’t talk now. She _____ a shower.a. 's b. has c. 's having
6、They _____ a big house in the suburbs.7、How long have you _____ your house by the beach?a. had b. been having c. got8、You had to call me earlier, _____ ?a. hadn't you b. didn't you c. mustn't you9、It was dangerous. We might _____ had an accident.10、The room looks so nice because I _____ it redecorated last week.解析:当动词 have 的意思是“拥有”时,它没有否定或疑问形式 haven't 或 hadn't。非正式形式 have got 有否定和疑问形式(have not got/has he got),但这种形式只用于现在时。解析:我们使用现在完成进行时来表示已经进行了一段时间但仍在继续或刚刚完成的动作。请记住,进行时态只与动态动词一起使用。这里的 have 在完成进行时中充当助动词。解析:have to 中的 have 不是助动词,这意味着它没有疑问和否定形式,所以在疑问句中要借助助动词 do/does 或 did,在否定句中借助 don't/doesn't 或 did。解析:我们可以用 have(实义动词)或 have got 表示拥有,它们的否定形式是分别是 don't have 和 haven't got。此时,have 和 have got 都是静态动词,所以不能用于进行时。解析:这里的 have 的用法相当于 take (a shower,a drink等)、give(a party)等,因此它是一个动态动词,因此可以用于进行时。解析:我们可以用 have 和 have got(更非正式)来表示拥有。解析:表示拥有时,have 是一个实义动词,此时通过 have + had(have + 过去分词)来构成现在完成时。解析:have to 是一个实义动词。我们需要借助 do 或其他助动词来形成疑问句、否定句、简短回答和反义疑问句等。解析:我们用一些情态动词 + have + 过去分词来谈论过去。解析:用 have + 宾语 + 过去分词(have something done)来表示让/付钱给别人为我们做某事,也可以用非正式英语说 get something done。
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