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一、定义：
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid, sure, glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二、构成：
主语+谓语+宾语（陈述语序）。
三、宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。
who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序。
四、宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略)。whether，if，和连接代词what， which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。
that:
We believe (that) he is honest.
我们相信他是诚实的。
The doctor insists (that) I give up smoking.
医生坚持要我戒烟。
I suggest (that) we should go tomorrow.
我建议我们明天去。
I suggested (that) we should go the next day.
我建议我们第二天去。
Whether:
I don't know whether he'll arrive in time.
我不知道他是否能及时到达。
I didn't know whether they liked the place.
我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。
I'll see whether I can induce him to accept it.
我看看能否说服他接受。
I asked her whether she agreed.
我问她是否同意。
If:
I wonder if it's large enough.
我想知道它是否足够大。
She didn't say if he was still alive.
她没有说他是否还活着。
What:
She has got what she wanted.
她得到了她想要的。
I want to tell you what I hear.
我想告诉你我听到了什么。
He could not express what he felt.
他无法表达他的感受。
Which:
Please tell me which you like.
请告诉我你喜欢哪一种。
Please tell me which school you want to go.
请告诉我你想上哪所学校。
Who:
I don't know who [whom] you mean.
我不知道你指的是谁。
Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected.
明天这个时候我们就知道谁当选了。
When:
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married.
他还不知道什么时候结婚。
You don't know when you are lucky.
你不知道你什么时候走运。
I'd like to know when they will let him out.
我想知道他们什么时候放他出去。
Where:
He knows where they live.
他知道他们住在哪里。
Please tell me where I can find Tom.
请告诉我在哪里能找到汤姆。
How:
I asked how he was getting on.
我问他最近怎么样。
Have you found out how wide the ditch was?
你知道沟有多宽吗？
Why:
He asked why he had to go alone.
他问他为什么要一个人去。
We didn't know why he had answered in that fashion.
我们不知道他为什么那样回答。
五、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1)从属连词that.
一般那情况下可以省略。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn't grow on trees.
人人都知道钱不长在树上。
that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
①.and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略，如：
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
大家都知道发生了什么事和知道汤姆很害怕。
②.that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略，如：
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
This restaurant has nothing to recommend except that it's cheap.
这家饭馆除了价钱便宜之外，一无可取。
③.that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
That you didn't go to the talk was a pity.
你没去参加会谈真是遗憾。
That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.
他喜欢这种书是很有趣的。
(2)从属连词if/whether，如：
I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
我大体上同意这一点，但是怀疑它是否能够付诸实践。
I don't know whether people will buy it or not
我不知道是否会有人买。
(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.
Whichever:
You can take whichever you like.
你想拿什么就拿什么。
Take whichever seat you like.
坐你喜欢的座位。
Whatever:
I'll do whatever I can do.
我会尽我所能。
We'll do whatever we can to save him.
我们会尽我们所能救他。
注意：
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们觉得很奇怪小王昨天没来。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。
Sure:
I'm pretty sure (that) he'll agree.
他会同意的，对此我有相当的把握。
We're not sure if this is the same place or not.
不知道是不是同一个地方。
Glad:
I'm glad (that) you're feeling better.
你感觉好些了我很高兴。
I'm glad (that) you're over the flu
你的流感好了，我真高兴。
Certain:
He is certain (that) this TV set will operate on batteries.
他肯定这台电视机可以用电池。
He is certain (that) we will succeed in doing that.
他坚信我们能够成功的做成这件事情。
Pleased:
We're pleased (that) Microsoft has reformed its business practices.
我们欣慰的是微软已改革了它的商业策略。
He's not too pleased (that) I don't seem to be doing my bit
他对我好像没有做我该做的而感到不满意。
Happy:
I'm happy (that) it's not you I'm helping.
我很高兴我帮的不是你。
He's happy (that) I deal with it myself
我自己把事情解决了，对此他很满意。
Afraid:
I'm afraid that his name will now become a footnote in history.
恐怕他的名字现在会成为历史的注脚。
I'm afraid that this school year is off to a shaky start
恐怕这学年一开学就不顺。
Surprised:
I'm surprised that you didn't know of such an important event.
这么大的事你竟会不知道？
I'm surprised that he should agree to forgive you the debt unconditionally.
使我感到惊讶的是，他会无条件同意豁免你的债务。
Satisfied:
People must be satisfied that the treatment is safe.
人们必须确信这种治疗方法是安全的。
I'm quite satisfied that my job and pay are not worse off than most of my schoolmates.
对于我的工作和收入不比大多数同学差这一点，我相当满意。
3.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
She began to wonder whether she wouldn't go mad with the tedium of the job.
她开始怀疑自己会不会被枯燥的工作逼疯。
I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favour.
不知道你能不能帮我一个忙。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether，试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
条件状语从句：如果你想去，请告诉我。
请告诉我你是否想去。
Please let me know whether you want to go.
请告诉我你是否想去。
4.宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
Think:
I don't think you've ever tried parleying with Gleed, have you?
我想你没有尝试和格利德谈和过，是吗？
I don't think I'm envious of your success
我想我并不嫉妒你的成功。
Believe:
I don't believe he would tell Leo such a thing
我不信他会告诉利奥这种事。
I don't believe Lotte and I will ever be parted
我相信洛特和我永远都不会分开。
Suppose:
I don't suppose you thought to turn over the tape, did you?
我认为你并没想过要把磁带换一面，是吗？
I don't suppose you could tell me where James Street is, could you?
你能否告诉我詹姆斯街在哪儿？
Expect:
I don't expect I can make an arming!
我不预期我能作一个武装！
I don't expect we'll have any more trouble from him.
我希望他再也不会给我们惹麻烦了。
5.宾语从句的时态变化规律：
主句从句是现在时，宾语从句可根据需要用任何时态。
He knows where they lived one year ago.
他知道他们一年前住过哪里。
He knows where they live.
他知道他们住在哪里。
He knows where they will live.
他知道他们将住哪里。
主句从句是过去时，宾语从句用过去的某种时态，例如：一般过去，过去进行，过去完成，过去将来等。
We didn't know why he had answered in that fashion.
我们不知道他为什么那样回答。
They did what they could to console her.
他们已尽力安慰她。
He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa.
他以为他们会给他三张签证。
注意：说到自然现象和普遍真理时，用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕太阳转。
解答宾语从句题目时应注意的问题
a.时态的一致
宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I know he lives here.
我知道他住在这儿。
I know he lived here ten years ago.
我知道他十年前住在这儿。
I have heard that he will come.
我已经听说他要来了。
宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
I know who lives here.
我知道谁住在这儿。
I know who lived here.
我知道谁住过这儿。
He asked us if everyone was here.
他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。
He has said that he has seen it.
他说过他已经看了。
He said that he had seen it.
他说他已经看了。
b.语序的变化
陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。
陈述句：
He is an honest man. 他是一个诚实的人。
宾语从句：
I said he was an honest man.
(连词that可省) 我说他是一个诚实的人。
一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。
一般疑问句：
Does he study hard?
他学习认真吗?
宾语从句：
I wonder if(whether)he studies hard.
我不知道他是否认真学习。
特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词(即保留原来的疑问词)。
特殊疑问句：
Who is he?
他是谁?
宾语从句：
Do you know who he is?
你知道他是谁吗?
特殊疑问句：
What does he want?
他要什么?
宾语从句：
I don't know what he wants.
我不知道他要什么。
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