剑桥雅思5 Test 4写作Task 2考官范文&翻译

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Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).

Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or ever-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.

My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the moment they were born.

In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.

我们今天对于人类心理学和心理发展的看法受到遗传科学的巨大影响。和以往任何时候相比，我们更懂得遗传特性的重要性。但是我们依然无法知道遗传因素（先天）还是环境因素（后天）到底哪一个对性格的形成和发展影响更大。

与同卵双胞胎相关的研究揭示了遗传特性对个人生活的重大影响。但这些特性是否能够在个人性格中得到发展当然有赖于外部环境是否允许这种发展。我们生活中的经历非常难以预测，影响也很大，以至于可以推进或盖过其他影响，这方面不乏研究发现的证明。

我的观点是一个人一生中没有什么单一的主要影响因素。与之相反，我们从父母那儿继承的特性和我们在生活中遇到的情形和经历经常互相影响。正是两种因素的相互影响塑造了人的性格，决定了人格的发展。如果不是这样的话，那么我们早在一个人刚出生时候就可以预测这个人的行为和性格了。

总之，我认为先天和后天都不是最主要的影响，但两者都有着重大影响。这两个因素是怎么互相作用的我们至今未知，在一个人的一生中也难以预料。