现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时: 强调某一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果,与现在有关。 一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作,与现在无关。
例1: 他已学英语五年了。
He has studied English for five years.
(说明他还会继续学下去)
他曾学过五年英语。
He studied English for five years.
(只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在不学了。)
例2:I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
例3:He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)
He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年,two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 (表过去的时间)
当有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里),since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时
练习:
l Put the following sentences into English.
l A: 火车已经开走了.
l B: 什么时候开走的?
l A: 半个小时之前开走的.
l A: 这本书我已经买了两年了.
l B: 你在哪儿买的?
l A: 在我老家买的.
l A: 你看过这部电影吗?
l B: 看过.
l A: 什么时候看的.
l B: 上周星期天看的.
答案:
A: The train has left.
B: When did it leave.
A: It left half an hour ago.
A: I`ve had the book for two years.
B: Where did you buy it?
A: I bought it in my hometown.
A: have you seen the film?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you see it?
B: I saw it last Sunday.
现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用,常与之连用的时间状语有:
before,
by now (so far),
once, twice…,
just,
recently
yet(否/疑), already(肯),
ever, never,
all one’s life ,
in /during/over the past /last 5 years,
例如:
(1)already 肯定句: “己经”
I’ve already had breakfast. (常见)
= I’ve had breakfast already.
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Have you had breakfast already?(表示强调)
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.
Eg. She’s already eighty years old.
It was already very late.
(2) yet 否定句:句末 “还(没)”
I haven’t had breakfast yet.
疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Have you had breakfast yet?
注意:当在肯定句中含already或just,变否定时,在句末加yet。
● I have already seen the film.
I haven’t seen the film yet.
● Mother has just cleaned the house.
Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
(3) ever 疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”
Have you ever been to Beijing?
(4) never 否定句: 句中 “从来没有”
I’ve never been to Beijing.
(5) just 用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done?
(6) before 用于句末, 表示“以前”
I’ve seen it before.
Has she ridden a bike before ?
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