人际关系是指人与人之间在交往过程中建立起来的相互关系，包括与家人、亲戚、朋友、邻居、同学等之间的情感交流或沟通，如师生关系、同窗之情、亲情关系等；还包括对他人的感谢、宽容、道歉、赞扬，对友谊的理解，请求他人同意或帮助，处理在人际交往中出现的矛盾等等。
高中生在学习和生活中不可避免地要面对人际关系问题，因而“人际关系”话题常常成为高考书面表达命题者的选择对象。以“人际关系”为话题的书面表达在近几年的全国高考中多次出现，如2010年江西卷“礼貌用语的魔力”；2011年湖北卷“团队合作的作用”；2012年江苏卷“分析打篮球发生争执的原因并就如何避免冲突提出建议”；2014年山东卷“对谚语‘患难见真情’的理解”；2014年安徽卷“回复一封求助信”；2015年浙江卷“如何处理意见分歧”；2016年上海卷“对‘父母是否以子女为荣’的调查结果发表看法”等等。
Ⅰ. 例题（2016年上海卷书面表达）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异 （数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：
1. 描述调研数据；
2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。
Ⅱ. 点拨
1. 试题分析
今年上海卷的书面表达一改往年“先针对某事物做选择，然后论述理由”的特点，要求考生根据图表和题干提示写一份报告，描述“父母是否以子女为荣”的调查结果，并分析导致这一结果的原因。本题话题新颖，涉及亲情关系，属于“人际关系”类话题。既考查考生对数据图表的分析描述能力，也考查考生对事物的论述能力和辩证思维能力。
文章的写作重点是“分析学生和家长对‘父母是否以子女为荣’看法不同的原因”。考生首先应当仔细阅读题干要求，认真观察图表，明确文章的主题，再在此基础上确定文章的结构。在遣词造句上，考生应当尽量选择高级词汇和较复杂句型，同时应选择恰当的连接词，以增强文章的逻辑性。
2. 审题要素
(1) 明确文体、人称和时态。本文要求考生描述图表所示的调查结果，并分析导致这一结果的原因，属于议论文。主要使用第一和第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。
(2) 明确主题，整合文章要点。根据题干描述和图表提示可知，本文要点包括：①描述调研数据；②分析可能导致这一结果的原因；③总结全文，点明主题。
(3) 合理使用连接成分、高级词汇和较复杂句型。在遣词造句上，应恰当使用一些连接成分，以增强文章的逻辑性；此外，还应注意使用从句、倒装语序、分词结构等高级句型，以提高文章的得分档次。
3. 谋篇布局
根据题干提示，本文可以分成三个段落来写：
第一段：描述图表内容，引出文章主题；
第二段：针对文章主题，分析导致图表所示结果的原因；
第三段：总结全文，升华主题。
One possible version:
Recently, we made a survey about whether the parents agree that they are proud of their children. The result shows that 80% of parents are proud of their children while only 60% of children hold the same opinion. According to the survey, we can conclude that the number of parents who approved of the idea is 20% more than that of children.
There seems to be two causes as we tried to figure out what led to this subtle difference. First, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their children. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence. Second, the current education system excessively emphasizes the value of academic performance, thus forcing children to extensively believe that only by achieving excellent scores can they make their parents proud. This bias unfairly weakens the significance of talents for art and sports, which easily frustrates children and renders them more likely to underestimate themselves.
Without the genuine encouragement from parents and the reversal of exam-oriented educational methods, a kid would never end up as a positive grown-up.
【范文点评】
范文首段描述图表所示的调查结果，引出文章主题；第二段为主体段，针对调查结果，阐述导致这一结果的原因；第三段总结全文，再次点明主题。范文层次清晰，结构分明，要点齐全，语言流畅，完美地完成了写作任务。
在遣词造句上，范文使用了whether, that, what等引导的宾语从句，who, which引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句，as引导的时间状语从句以及only前置的倒装语序等较复杂句型；还使用了大量高级词汇，如make a survey, while, hold the same opinion, according to, figure out, lead to, be accustomed to, subtle, conservative, tendency, conceal, bias, excessively等；文章尾句还使用了虚拟语气。此外，还恰当使用了first, second, thus等连接成分。这些较复杂句型和高级词汇以及连接成分的使用，增强了文章的逻辑性，提高了文章的得分档次。
针对“人际关系”话题，高考命题人可能会选择“课标解读”相关主题，如宽容、赞扬等，要求考生通过自己或他人的一次经历来发表看法，如谈谈对“分歧中学会妥协”的看法；针对新来学校的外籍同学不能很快融入集体的问题，给他写一封建议信；写一篇“增进父母与孩子之间的理解，构建和谐家庭”的演讲稿；就“交友之道”阐述观点等等。考生在复习备考时，应当注意归纳、整理与这一话题相关的词汇和句型。
Ⅰ. 相关词汇
get to know sb., know sb. really well, make friends with sb., a strong personality, personal matters, friendship, friendly, a close friend, trust each other, precious, worthy, understanding, share...with sb., be loyal to, keep in touch with sb., be happy / sad / upset / nervous / lonely, be pleased with, be worried about, be angry with sb. about sth., learn from each other, promote the friendship, improve the relationship...
Ⅱ. 相关句型
(1) We are deeply grateful to you for your support.
(2) We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.
(3) We may have different opinions on...
(4) Good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.
(5) A good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance to our studies.
(6) To build a good relationship, we should trust each other.
(7) Only in this way can we enjoy an equal relationship.
(8) They find it easy to communicate with their teachers.
(9) With their help, I tried my best to study hard and succeeded in entering a key university.
(10) We should value this harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
(11) A good friend is someone you can...
(12) We can’t live without friendship just as we can’t live without air and water.
(13) Friendship plays an important part in...
(14) We can turn to...when we feel down.
(15) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
假设你是陈洋中学学生许婷，最近参加了一项主题为“改变自我，让自己受欢迎”的调查活动。下表为活动的调查结果。请根据表格内容写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：
1. 描述调查数据；
2. 就调查结果阐述自己的观点 （至少两点）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 文章须包含所有要点，可适度发挥。
参考范文
One possible version:
Recently, we made a survey about how to change and make oneself more popular. According to the survey, 48 percent of the people think we need to improve our appearance by dressing properly and keeping ourselves in good spirits. In addition, if we always keep a smile on our face and treat others kindly, people will be greatly impressed by our actions.
Contrary to improving one’s appearance, 52% of the people believe that a person who is popular with people is always considerate towards others and that it’s very important to be a good listener. In this way, people will feel comfortable enough to get along with you.
As far as I’m concerned, only by being respectful to others can we earn their respect. Meanwhile, if we are trustworthy, I am sure popularity will come our way.
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