这些名词指基于无端的偏见而对人或事采取不公平的，非理性的和未经权衡的态度。Bigotry 现在几乎独指强烈的讨厌甚至仇恨一个特殊的集体，种族或宗教。相比之下，prejudice指相似的态度，但是对这一团体偏见的强烈程度要小得多。Bigotry几乎确定会通过无顾忌的公开讲话或行为表现出来，而prejudice可能大部分是未表达的，或者连受害者都不知道：easier to cope with the outright bigotry of the Ku Klux Klan than the invisible walls of prejudice so commonly encountered。Prejudice也可以用于任何偏见：an abhorrence for the maltreatment of animals that would make the judge unable to hear the case without prejudice.
比起前面一对，Intolerance的这些意思通常已经很少使用了，可能因为关心一个人是否能够忍受一群人听起来有些奇怪。这个问题现在更多出现在一个真正平等接受或缺乏这种接受的情况下。但是，Intolerance被广泛用于种族，宗教或民族偏见之外的语境中，表示不能公正的聆听一种与自已不同的观点：They looked with intolerance on the weird music preferred by their teenage children.Bias在这些名词中独树一帜，因为它可以指支持或反对两种倾向：He admitted that he had a sentimental bias for anything pertaining to Ireland; a strong bias in ghettos against police officers. Prejudice所指的是死板的，不灵活的态度，而bias可以仅表示倾向于采纳一个给定的观点。但是即使是稍微的倾向也可能是灾难性的，当需要严格的公正性的时候，比如法官和陪审员：The lawyer argued that the judge's bias had affected the conduct of the case.
Narrow-mindedness指偏见态度的僵化性，但是其原因被看作是缺乏经验或未接触更广泛的价值观：the typical narrow-mindedness of people who stay in a rut without ever getting out of it to see how other people live. Narrow-mindedness通常表示习惯性的孤立，落后，粗鄙，缺乏精明，但是又有一种平淡的被动或退缩，而不是第一对所含有的敌对的立场：She was prevented from going to movies or dances by the narrow-mindedness of her parents.但是，narrow-mindedness可以适用于任何观点教条式的僵化：Permissive parents are often guilty of as much narrow-mindedness as those who are belavored for their authoritarian views on child-rearing. 它经常专指对性或欢乐过分拘谨或严格：He accused her of narrow-mindedness for refusing to have dinner with him in his apartment.
反义词：impartiality, objectivity, open-mindedness,tolerance.
翻译自 CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD
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