周六（8月27日），新加坡确诊了第一起境内兹卡病毒感染病例以及3起疑似病例。（新加坡的小伙伴们请奔走相告~~注意防蚊！！！）
据不完全统计，目前我国内陆累计输入性寨卡病毒病例已超过16例。
世界卫生组织通报自2014年起，共计33个国家和地区报告出现寨卡病毒本地流行，南美洲是疫情高发地区。（可以访问WHO的网站了解更多信息： www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/）
在疫情高发的南美洲，巴西是疫情的重灾区，但是并没有影响一船又一船的铁矿、粮食、糖等大宗散货从南美运往远东。今年3月2日，中国进出口检验检疫（CIQ）针对寨卡病毒发布了新规定，要求所有来自疫区的船舶挂靠中国港口要持有除蚊消毒证书。疫区包括：
America:
Aruba, Bonaire, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Curacao, Dominica, Ecuador, Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemal, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, Sint Maarten, Saint Vincent and the grenadines, Surinam, United States Virgin Islands, Venezuel, Trinidad and Tobago；
Oceania:
American Samoa, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Fiji；
Asia:
Maldives, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Laos；
Africa:
Cape Verde, Gabon.
针对CIQ的新规定，Vale也给所有巴西代理发了一份信，要求代理通知船东所有在巴西以及其他南美港口装货的船舶挂靠中国港口要持有除蚊消毒证书，原文如下：
INSTRUCTION TO SHIPPING AGENCIES IN BRAZIL
Chinese ports Quarantine authority just released a new regulation that all vessels arriving from loading ports Brazil or other S.America ports must have on board the MOSQUITO ERADICATION CERTIFICATION (Disinfection Certificate).
Basis on the above, agencies in Brazil shall inform the ship-owners of the vessels loading in Brazil that in case their vessel are calling any Chinese port they MUST grant such certificate in Brazil since it is becoming compulsory to be presented on vessels arrival in China.
The local quarantine bureau advised the following guidelines regarding the Disinfection Certificate:
AA. The regulation applies for vessels coming from the ZIKA Virus affected country/area.
BB. The Disinfection Certificate shall certify the subject vessel was disinfected against mosquito before departure.
CC. The Disinfection Certificate shall be issued and stamped by the authorized authority of the port state.
Appreciate everybody commitment in order to avoid any problem on vessel's arrival at China.
按照CIQ的要求，对于所有在巴西（以及南美）装货去中国卸货的船离港前要办理除蚊证书就变相成为了一种强制要求。这一强制要求的后果就是港使费又多了一项——船东要付钱去安排除蚊消毒以获得这张除蚊证书，否则，船去中国卸货就会出现问题。船东当然可以选择不在巴西花这笔钱，如果不花这笔钱，等到船到中国就面临着被卫检要求消毒熏蒸的风险。LBH China也对此也提醒广大船东，我摘抄一部分：
Ref ZIKA Virus, bss exchanges with local ports, suppose it is better to suggest all owners to make the alleged disinfection certificate available before ship's departure from loading port Brazil or other S.America ports since otherwise Chinese ports Quarantine authority might request disinfection before ship's berthing at Chinese disport which could cause time / cost loss at ship side.
像cape船去巴西装铁矿，巴西代理会通知船东建议船东安排办理这个证书，并且强调：IMPORTANT: Please note that without such certificate, Chinese Quarantine office COULD delay the ship in waiting anchorage for quarantine/fumigation procedures which in turn might make time/cost loss for owners / charterers. 大家都知道卫检是港口的四大天王之一啊，所以广大船东（二船东）们还是老实听话，花钱消灾比较好，当然这主要是为了避免病毒传播。
MOSQUITO ERADICATION CERTIFICATION
关于除蚊消毒证书的费用，以cape船为例，大概在1000-1300美金左右，具体如下：
- Pest Control (Disinsectization and derat)........... US$ 900,00 (this value covers 02 spray dispensers)
- Addition Spray dispensers................................ US$ 30,00 each unit***
***Quantity of spray dispensers will depend on necessity of each vessel basis vessel's structure as this equipment's are installed on doors which gives access to external area (see attach picture for your reference). It is important that Master checks the necessity of quantities to be used.
我之所以提到船东（二船东），是因为安排这个证书的费用并不是归原船东负责的，这不是跟船员有关的费用。便于理解，我倾向把这笔费用归为港使费的一部分，作为voyage cost。（广大租船的小伙伴们，记得要把这部分费用算进去哦！），即如果我是原船东，我自己做voyage，这笔费用由我来承担；我期租给下家做voyage，那么这笔钱就应该由下家负责。当然，合同另有规定除外。
至于来自寨卡病毒高发国家和地区的船舶去日本、韩国卸货，目前还没有收到类似中国的规定。我问过日本的代理，代理说港口没有相关的要求。如果船去韩国会被要求在到港前自行做消毒，并填写一张Self-disinfection certificate↘
关于卫检对寨卡病毒疫区船舶除蚊证书的要求，大家还可以参考华泰出的circulars：
http://www.huataimarine.com/index.php?m=newscon&id=361&twoid=438
http://www.huataimarine.com/index.php?m=newscon&id=361&twoid=440
无论是02年的SARS，还是14年的Ebola，还是如今的Zika，疫情的爆发都有可能影响船舶的装卸货作业，可能会导致严重压港，可能会强制船舶移去另外的地方做fumigation，这些对船东和租家都是风险。BIMCO针对此类传染病也专门出了适合time charter和voyage charter的Epidemic条款，大家可以通过点击左下角-“阅读原文”查看。
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