不规则词过去式/过去分词的记忆密码

适读人群：初中/高中

阅读时长：15分钟

在我们之前讲述一般过去时时，大家接触到了动词原形和过去式的概念。动词还有一种变化形态，那就是过去分词，它一般是对应于完成时态来使用的。那么，我们统称动词原形、过去式、过去分词为“动词三态”。在开始讲解完成时态前，我们有必要对动词的三态做一下整理和汇总。一些记忆的诀窍也在文中分享给大家，一定要看到最后，文末有干货哦！

动词原形：只代表了动作本身的含义，没有时态的变化。等待着配合一个句子的表达做变化。如果出现在一般现在时里面，那简单理解就是体现了从现在这个时刻开始，自过去向未来的一段时间里一个动作的发生的常态。

动词过去式：简单理解就是体现过去的一段时间里一个动作的发生的常态。一般用在过去时态

动词过去分词：简单理解就是体现了从一个时间点向前回顾，这个动作发生过了，已经完成结束了。一般用在完成时态。

那么，一个动词配合时态的三种形态变化有哪些规律呢？安小神这里总结如下：

一. 规则动词

动词原形加上-ed或-d 形成过去式与过去分词的，我们称之为规则动词。例如：

中文	原形	过去式	过去分词
欺骗、作弊	cheat	cheated	cheated
收集、收藏	collect	collected	collected
复制	copy	copied	copied
哭	cry	cried	cried
决定	decide	decided	decided
滴落、丟下	drop	dropped	dropped
失败、不及格	fail	failed	failed
希望	hope	hoped	hoped
敲	knock	knocked	knocked
注意、通知	notice	noticed	noticed
经过、及格	pass	passed	passed
玩	play	played	played
停止	stop	stopped	stopped
祝愿	wish	wished	wished

二. 不规则动词AAA

过去式与过去分词的形成不是在动词原形后面加上-ed或-d，有另外的变化形态的，我们称之为不规则动词。不规则动词AAA就是指的是动词原形、过去式及过去分词三者的形态是一样的。例如：

中文	原形	过去式	过去分词
花费	cost	cost	cost
剪、切	cut	cut	cut
打	hit	hit	hit
伤害、疼痛	hurt	hurt	hurt
让	let	let	let
放	put	put	put
读	read	read	read
设置	set	set	set
关闭	shut	shut	shut

三. 不规则动词ABA

不规则动词ABA指的是动词原形和过去分词两者的形态是一样的，过去式的形态与它们不同。例如：

中文	原形	过去式	过去分词
变成	become	became	become
来	come	came	come
跑	run	ran	run

四. 不规则动词ABB

不规则动词ABB的A指的是动词原形，而BB指的是过去式和过去分词两者的变化形态是一样的。例如：

中文	原形	过去式	过去分词
带来	bring	brought	brought
购买	buy	bought	bought
接、抓住	catch	caught	caught
感觉	feel	felt	felt
打架、作战	fight	fought	fought
找到	find	found	found
得到、拿到	get	got	got
挂起来、吊着	hang	hung	hung
有、吃、使	have	had	had
听到	hear	heard	heard
拿着、保留	hold	held	held
保留、保持	keep	kept	kept
离开	leave	left	left
失去、输了	lose	lost	lost
意图	mean	meant	meant
明白	understand	understood	understood

五. 不规则动词ABC

不规则动词ABC指的是动词原形、过去式及过去分词三者的形态完全不一样，各有各自的形态。例如：

中文	原形	过去式	过去分词
开始	begin	began	begun
做	do	did	done
喝	drink	drank	drunk
吃	eat	ate	eaten
落下	fall	fell	fallen
忘记	forget	forgot	forgotten
给与	give	gave	given
去	go	went	gone
知道	know	knew	known
骑	ride	rode	ridden
唱	sing	sang	sung
说	speak	spoke	spoken
游泳	swim	swam	swum
书写	write	wrote	written

另外，一些不规则动词的变化规律在这里分享给大家：

（1）单词主架构不变，元音字母发生变化，如e 变 o，o 变 e, i 变 a，i 变 o，a 变 u，y 变 i 等等...

get -> got-> got      sell -> sold-> sold

tell -> told-> told     sit -> sat -> sat

spit -> spat-> spat    win -> won -> won

ring -> rang-> rung   drink -> drank-> drunk

begin -> began-> begun

shine -> shone/shined -> shone / shined

 (2) 单词框架不变，元音字母在过去式、过去分词中发生变化，结尾加“n”或 “en”，例如：

blow -> blew -> blown     grow -> grew-> grown

know -> knew -> known   throw -> threw -> thrown

fly -> flew /flu:/ -> flown (这三个相似)

drive -> drove -> driven       rise -> rose -> risen

speak -> spoke-> spoken     steal-> stole -> stolen

break -> broke-> broken      wake -> woke-> woken

freeze -> froze -> frozen    choose -> chose-> chosen

beat -> beat -> beaten          eat-> ate -> eaten

give -> gave -> given      see -> saw -> seen

take -> took -> taken      fall-> fell -> fallen

mistake -> mistook ->mistaken 

write -> wrote-> written (双写t)   

ride -> rode -> ridden (双写d)

hide -> hid -> hidden（双写d ）

forget -> forgot -> forgotten（双写t，加en ）   

（3）单词框架不变，单词的过去式、过去分词最后一个字母变成“t”，例如：

send -> sent -> sent         lend -> lent -> lent

spend -> spent -> spent   build -> built -> built

smell -> smelt-> smelt      lose-> lost -> lost

learn -> learnt-> learnt      mean -> meant-> meant 读音/e/

（4）单词框架不变，单词中的连续的元音字母在过去式、过去分词发生变化，例如：

say -> said-> said              pay -> paid -> paid

lie -> lied-> lied                  lay ->laid -> laid

feel -> felt -> felt                sleep -> slept -> slept

sweep -> swept -> swept    keep -> kept -> kept

stand -> stood-> stood

understand -> understood-> understood

（5）单词框架不变，元音字母在过去式、过去分词发生变化，单词结尾变成ght，例如：

bright -> brought -> brought

think-> thought -> thought

buy -> bought -> bought

catch-> caught -> caught

teach -> taught -> taught 

希望大家在平时背单词的过程中一定要积累那些高频不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形态，因为这个知识点是各大考试的必考点，一般会结合时态、被动语态出题。而且，对于这些过去式、过去分词的发音也一定要熟悉，例如read这个词在过去分词时读音会变成 [e] ，这在听力考试中也是一个考点。

最后，安小神送上：“最常见的120个不规则动词的汇总”表格，希望对大家有所帮助。

原形	过去式	过去分词
abide	abode	abode
arise	arose	arisen
awake	awoke	awoken
be	was/were	been
bear	bore	born
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become
befall	befell	befallen
beget	begot	begotten
begin	began	begun
bespeak	bespoke	bespoken
bestride	bestrode	bestridden
bet	bet	bet
bid	bade/bid	bidden/bid
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burn	burnt	burnt
burst	burst	burst
buy	bought	bought
can	could
cast	cast	cast
cut	cut	cut
deal	dealt	dealt
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamt	dreamt
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
dwell	dwelt	dwelt
eat	ate	eaten
interweave	interwove	interwoven
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbad(e)	forbidden
forecast	forecast	forecast
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
forsake	forsook	forsaken
foresee	foresaw	foreseen
foretell	foretold	foretold
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	got
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground	ground
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
mistake	mistook	mistaken
overhear	overheard	overheard
oversleep	overslept	overslept
put	put	put
read	read	read
rend	rent	rent
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
shake	shook	shaken
shed	shed	shed
shine	shone	shone
shit	shit/shat	shit/shat
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown
shrink	shrank	shrunk
shrive	shrove	shriven
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stank	stunk
stride	strode	stridden
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
strive	strove	striven
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
thrust	thrust	thrust
tread	trod	trodden
understand	understood	understood
undertake	undertook	undertaken
undo	undid	undone
upset	upset	upset
wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove	woven
weep	wept	wept
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound

---

我是安小神，站过三尺讲台，

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