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巧克力和心脏健康

巧克力和心脏健康

During the past decade, several studies have reported on the potential cardiovascular benefits of chocolate. Cardiologists tended to regard the earliest such reports with a healthy degree of skepticism, since it is well known that lifestyle choices that benefit cardiovascular health are typically supposed to be unappealing, difficult or painful. For most people, chocolate does not meet any of these criteria.

在过去的十年中,数个研究报告已经指出巧克力对于心血管潜在的益处。心脏病专家对最早的这类研究报告持健康程度的怀疑,因为众所周知生活方式的选择对于有益心血管健康通常都是被认为没有吸引力的,困难的或者是费力的。对于大多数人,巧克力没有达到任何一个标准。

But in the intervening years, enough evidence has accumulated that most cardiologists will now admit to the potential cardiovascular benefits of chocolate.

但是这些年来,足够多的证据累积证明大部分心血管医生现在承认巧克力对于心血管潜在的益处。

What Is The Evidence That Chocolate Improves Heart Health?

巧克力提高心脏健康的证据是什么?

Several studies have now documented an association between chocolate consumption and improved cardiovascular health. These generally have been observational studies, and while their conclusions are useful for developing theories, they cannot prove cause-and-effect relationships.

数个研究已经说明吃巧克力和提高的心血管健康的联系。这些一般都是观测研究,同时他们的结论对于发展理论很有用,但他们不能够证明因果关系。

Nonetheless, virtually every study that has examined the issue has reported an association between chocolate consumption and cardiovascular health. Several of these studies have shown that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced blood pressure. At least one study showed that women who ate chocolate had a significantly reduced risk of developing heart failure.

尽管如此,实际上每个研究都在研究吃巧克力和心血管健康的联系。其中的一些研究发现吃巧克力和减少血压有联系。至少一个研究表明吃巧克力的妇女非常明显地减少患心脏衰竭的危险。

Most recently, a meta-analysis of seven studies was published in the British Medical Journal, showing that chocolate consumption was associated with a 39% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduction in stroke.

最近,一个关于七个研究的荟萃分析发表在英国医学杂志上,分析表明吃巧克力导致减少39%的心血管疾病和减少29%的中风。

Again, these studies do not prove that eating chocolate directly improves cardiac health - but they do demonstrate that there is a convincing association between the two.

再一次,那些研究没有证明吃巧克力直接地提高心血管健康,但是它们确证实了在它们之间有令人信服的联系。

What Is It About Chocolate That Is Beneficial?

关于巧克力哪有有益处

Investigators theorize that it is the flavonols in chocolate that cause vascular improvement. These flavenols can make blood vessels more elastic, improve insulin sensitivity, reduce the "stickiness" of platelets and reduce blood pressure.

调查者推论巧克力中含有的黄酮醇导致血管改善。这些黄酮醇能够使血管更具有弹性,提高胰岛素敏感度,减少血小板的“粘性”和减少血压。

Dark chocolate contains more flavonols than lighter chocolate, so most of the published studies have reported on dark chocolate. However, the recent meta-analysis mentioned earlier found that chocolate in any form - dark or light, or in the form of chocolate bars, chocolate drinks or chocolate confections - was associated with cardiovascular benefit.

黑巧克力比一般巧克力含有更多的黄酮醇,所以大多数发表的研究已经指出。然而,最近的荟萃分析提到之前发现无论巧克力以哪种形式-黑或者淡,或者巧克力块,巧克力饮料,或者巧克力甜点--都对心脏血管有益处。

How Much Chocolate Is Beneficial?

巧克力有多少益处?

The correct "dose" of chocolate to achieve a cardiovascular benefit has not been determined. The studies that have reported a heart-health-benefit from chocolate, however, generally described a range between 100 grams of chocolate per day and consuming some form of chocolate "more than once a week."

准确的巧克力“剂量”达到对心脏血管有益还不知道。研究报告巧克力的心脏健康益处,然而只是简单的描述一个范围在每天100克和吃某种形式的巧克力“每周一次以上”之间。

Most investigators who have studied this question have concluded that most of the benefit (if there indeed is a benefit) can be obtained by eating chocolate once or twice per week.

大多数研究这个问题的调查者得出结论大部分益处(如果那儿确实有益处)能够通过每周一个或者两次吃巧克力得到。

What Is the Downside of Chocolate for Heart Health?

巧克力对心脏健康不好的一面是什么?

There are several potential disadvantages to adding chocolate to your diet for the potential cardiovascular benefits. These include:

为了潜在的心脏血管益处把巧克力加入到你的饮食中有几个潜在的缺点。这些包括:

    Observational studies are often misleading. Once randomized clinical trials are finally completed, it may turn out that chocolate does not actually produce much of a cardiac benefit after all.

观测研究常常会误导。一旦随机临床试验最终结束,也许结果巧克力根本不会产生很多心脏的益处。

    Notably, 100 grams of chocolate equals about 500 calories. So, adding 100 grams of chocolate to your daily diet (the upper dose suggested by available studies) will cause you to gain about a pound of weight per week. Such a result does not seem like it would really be heart healthy.

值得注意的是,100克的巧克力等于大约500卡路里。所以,加入100克巧克力到你的日常饮食中会导致你每周增肥一磅。这样的结果似乎不会对心脏健康有益处。

    If you religiously adhere to one of those popular but mutually-exclusive dietary philosophies (that is, low fat vs. low carb), be aware that chocolate products come packed with both fat and carbohydrates. It therefore violates both of these dietary dogmas, and its consumption will reduce you to a state of dietary sin.

如果你很坚信地遵循一个受欢迎的但是互斥的饮食哲学(就是,低脂肪对上低碳水化合物),要知道巧克力产品含有脂肪和碳水化合物。

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