在全球变暖的大背景下，全球极端天气发生频率与规模加大，新闻媒体对气候议题也更加关注。根据牛津大学路透研究所的研究，全球53家媒体中有49%的新闻机构已成立专门的气候报道团队，30%已经制定了气候变化战略。
对于沿海地区的居民来说，强台风强降雨的频繁出现或许是气候变化最直观的呈现，及时且准确率高的气象信息也成为人们的刚需。以往，大众获取气象资讯大多来自官方新闻媒体所引用的天文台资讯。但是，天文台的预报通常较为谨慎，有时会被公众批评反应慢，没有按现实情况发出适当的警告讯号。社交媒体的兴起使得民间气象爱好者团体有机会为公众提供额外的气象资讯，他们的传播经验或许也可以为专业新闻媒体的气象报道提供参考价值。
MET WARN天气预警：抢先预测台风动向，实时解答气象疑惑
在夏季常有台风暴雨突袭的香港，民间气象团队“MET WARN天气预警”获得了许多香港市民的信任。该团队成立于2012年，名字由英文Meteorology（气象）及Warning（警告）组合而成，目前由五名业余气象爱好者经营。
他们通常会通过专属网站与Facebook、Instagram、YouTube等社交媒体发布反常天气预测，分享气象资讯，并进行风暴直播，监测及报导热带气旋的最新情况。
图源：Facebook
几日前，台风“小犬”登陆香港，MET WARN于10月6日晚至8日晚期间在YouTube开启“风暴直播室”共5场，直播时长分别为半小时至一小时不等，累计观看人数11.7万人以上。
直播中，MET WARN分为室内与室外两组，室外成员去到薄扶林、维多利亚港附近进行现场直播，利用风速计测量风力风向，将一手资料透过手机传回直播室。得益于世界各地实时预报中心公开发布的数据，包括电脑模式预报、雷达卫星图片、高空气象图，以及香港本地测风站风速、潮汐站潮水高度等，坚守直播室的成员才能在室内完成台风直播报道，将复杂的数字结合室外成员提供的一手资料，转化为简明易懂的信息告知观众。
图源：YouTube
相较传统的“等待天文台更新信号”的模式，动态直播使得观众更具主动性和参与感，也能更及时地获取气象信息。例如网民最关心的“小犬”会否导致停工停课，MET
WARN在10月7日晚的直播中便用字幕条滚动显示“最新评估发出八号信号机会为'中等至高’”。团队成员也会在直播中实时解答网民的其他疑问，为观众提供个性化信息。
风羽酱-sdk：站在风暴中心，记录震撼自然
2023年9月，台风“苏拉”在闽粤登陆期间，一支民间气象团队横跨600公里，追击这一南海历史上的最强台风之一。这场追风之旅以视频《600公里追击台风 | 真实记录台风苏拉下的城市》的形式记录下来，视频创作者之一苏镝坷也在B站收获了大批关注。这位00后男生与其团队成员通过B站的个人频道“风羽酱-sdk”科普气象知识，分享追风经历，目前已收获30万粉丝，视频累计播放量近3000万。
图源：Bilibili
每一次出发前，苏镝坷与团队成员会综合对比多个气象模型与数据，判断应该去哪里追风。除参考国家气象中心的官方数据外，Windy是他们最常用的平台，可以清晰看到风、降水、云量、雷暴预警等基本要素的变化情况。他们还会通过雷达实况观测天气情况，以确定安全的追风行动范围，随后便迅速规划路线、成本、器材，抓紧时间踏上追风之旅。
图源：Windy平台
但是，充分的准备并不能保证百分百追风成功：天气具有极高的不确定性，因此拍摄的失败率约60%-70%。即便如此，风暴对于苏镝坷仍有无穷魅力：“它裹挟的风雨是温暖的，有热带海洋气息，它在云图上初生、发展、增强、巅峰、减弱、消亡，和人类的生命规律一致，值得记录和敬畏。”
在@风羽酱-sdk的作品《风暴之下-中国首部风暴纪录电影》的评论区，许多网友同样被雷电风暴的力量深深震撼，感叹人类在大自然面前的渺小脆弱。如此引发网友共鸣的自媒体作品或许也给专业新闻媒体的气象传播带来一定启发：相较于常规的天气播报或气候倡议，具有艺术张力的新闻内容或许更具吸引力，也更能引发受众对于气候、环境问题的关注与讨论。
图源：Bilibili
民间气象团体是极端天气的记录者，也是动态气象信息的创作者、科普者与传播者。他们并非专家，但“气象爱好者”或“科普博主”等标签似乎也不足以显示他们的专业性。无论是MET
WARN提供的个性化气象信息，还是风羽酱团队展示的艺术化自然世界，民间气象团体的自媒体实践一定程度上激发了公众对气象报道的参与度，扩大了气象知识的传播范围，也为专业新闻媒体的气象传播提供了更多的想象空间。
选题：曾敏儿
作者：曾敏儿 武思彤 肖童丹
Against the backdrop of global warming, the frequency
and scale of extreme weather events around the world have increased as has the
news media's attention to climate issues. According to a study by the Reuters
Institute at the University of Oxford, 49% of the world's 53 media
organizations have set up dedicated climate reporting teams, and 30% have
developed climate change strategies.
For residents in coastal areas, the frequent
occurrence of strong typhoons and heavy rainfall is perhaps the most direct
presentation of climate change. Timely and accurate weather information has
become a necessity. In the past, most of the public's access to weather and
climate information came from observatory information quoted by official news
media. However, the forecasts from the observatories were usually cautious and
were sometimes criticized by the public for reacting slowly and not issuing
appropriate warning signals according to the actual situation. The rise of
social media has allowed the community of amateur weather enthusiasts to
provide additional weather information to the public, and their experience in
disseminating such information may also be of value to professional news media
in their weather and climate reporting.
MET WARN:
Predicting Typhoons and Answering Weather Questions in Real-Time
In Hong Kong, where typhoons and rainstorms often hit
in summer, the amateur weather and climate reporting team MET WARN has won the
trust of many citizens. Founded in 2012, the team, whose name is a combination
of “Meteorology” and “Warning”, is run by five amateur weather enthusiasts.
They usually post unusual weather forecasts, share
weather and climate information, and live-stream storms to monitor and report
tropical cyclone updates through their dedicated website and social media such
as Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. Currently, they have more than 10,000
YouTube subscribers and over 80,000 Facebook followers.
A few days ago, Typhoon Koinu approached Hong Kong. MET WARN
organized Storm Live Room on YouTube
from the evening of October 6 to 8 with a total of 5 live broadcasts lasting
from 30 minutes to an hour. In total, they accumulated 11.7 million viewers.
During the live broadcast, MET WARN was
divided into two groups. Outdoor members went to Pokfulam and the vicinity of
Victoria Harbour to live-stream, using anemometers to measure the wind power
and direction, and then transmitting the first-hand information back to the
studio through mobile phones. Thanks to the publicly available data provided by
real-time forecast centers around the world, including computer model
forecasts, radar satellite images, high-altitude meteorological maps, as well
as wind gauge data and tide heights from Hong Kong's local observation
stations, members staying in the studio would able to track the typhoon
indoors, transforming complicated figures and first-hand information provided
by members outside the studio into concise and understandable information for
the audience.
Compared with the traditional mode of
waiting for the observatory to update the signal, the dynamic live broadcast
enables the audience to take part more actively and obtain weather and climate information
in a more timely manner. For example, as netizens are most concerned about
whether Typhoon Koinu will lead to the suspension of work and classes, MET WARN
displayed a scrolling caption - “The latest assessment of the chances of
issuing signal No. 8 is 'medium to high’ ” — in their evening live broadcast on
October 7. Team members will also be on the air to answer other questions from
online users and provide personalized information for viewers.
@FengYuJiang-sdk:
Standing at the Center of the Storm, Recording Shocking Nature
In September 2023, when Typhoon Saola
made landfall in Fujian and Guangdong, a civic meteorological team traveled 600
kilometers in pursuit of one of the strongest typhoons in the history of the
South China Sea. The journey was documented in the form of a video named 600 Kilometers in Pursuit of Typhoon | A
Real Record of the City under Typhoon Saola, and one of the creators of the
video, Su Dike, has gained a lot of attention from the public on Bilibili. This
boy, born after the 00s, and his team members have been popularizing
meteorological knowledge and sharing their experience of chasing typhoons
through their channel @FengYuJiang-sdk on Bilibili, which has gained 300,000
followers and a total of nearly 30 million views.
Before each departure, Su Dike and his
team members will comprehensively compare multiple weather models and data to
determine where they should go to chase the wind. In addition to referring to
the official data from the National Meteorological Center, Windy is a platform they use the most often, where they can see the changes in basic
elements such as wind, precipitation, cloudiness, and thunderstorm warnings.
They will also observe the weather conditions through live radar to determine
the safe range of wind-chasing, after which they will quickly plan their
routes, costs, and equipment and embark on the wind-chasing journey as soon as
possible.
However, thorough preparation does not
guarantee 100% success in storm chasing. The weather is constantly changing, so
the failure rate of filming can be 60-70%. Even so, storms are greatly
fascinating to Su Dike: 'The wind and rain it carries is warm with a
tropical oceanic flavor, and it is worthy of recording and reverence as it
begins, develops, strengthens, peaks, wanes, and dies on the cloud charts in
line with the laws of human life.'
In the comment section of
@FengYuJiang-sdk's work Under the Storm –
China's First Storm Documentary Film, many netizens were also deeply
shocked by the power of thunder and lightning storms, and lamented how small
and fragile human beings are in front of nature. Such self-produced works that
resonate with netizens may also bring inspiration to professional news media
agencies: compared with regular weather broadcasts or climate initiatives, news
content with artistic tension may be more attractive, and more cape olabf
arousing the audience's attention to discussions on disasters, climate and
environmental issues.
Citizen groups that report
on weather and climate are both the recorders of extreme
weather and the creators of dynamic weather and climate information. They are
not experts but simply labeling them as “weather enthusiasts” or “science
bloggers” is also not enough. Both the personalized weather information
provided by MET WARN and the artistic natural world pictured by the Wind
Feather Sauce team highlight the value of self-media practice of citizens
covering weather and climate: stimulating the public's participation in this
beat reporting, expanding the scope
of dissemination of meteorological knowledge, and also providing more
possibilities for professional weather and climate reporting.
Topic
proposal : Tsang Manyi
Authors: Tsang Manyi, Wu Sitong, Xiao Tongdan
主编（Chief editors）: 冯碧漪 江宇轩
Explore every possibility
for better journalism.
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