China has called itself 'middle kingdom'since ancient times, probably due to what ancient Chinese thought that theywere the culturally most advance however geographically it sort of was in thecontext of eastern Asia anyway. What I'm wondering is was that a hugedisadvantage? too many neighbors and potential enemies and too much border needto be guarded. Are some states naturally geographically disadvantaged whileothers are blessed? I think so. I think centrally placed states aredisadvantaged when compared to peripheral states.
自古以来,中国便以‘中央王国’自居。究其缘由,可能是在东亚的大背景下,古代中国人认为他们拥有最先进的文化。我想知道最大的劣势是什么?多国毗邻、强敌环伺、亟待防守的漫长边境线。当其他国家受到上天眷顾的时候,一些国家是否自然地在地缘上处于劣势?我深以为然。我觉得处于中央的国家与外围国家相比处于劣势。
下面我举几个例子:
波斯/伊朗——横亘亚欧大陆中央地带,向西直面罗马并被阿拉伯所灭,向东则亡于突厥和蒙古的铁蹄之下。
朝鲜——尽管不像伊朗那样四面受敌,不过夹在中国和日本之间进退维谷,盯紧其中一方的同时还要防范另一方,其难度可想而知。
英国和日本——游离于亚欧大陆之外的岛国?还有比这更好的恩赐吗?典型的易守难攻
俄罗斯——北方国家,多少次侵略被它的广袤和寒冷而挫败?
蒙古——同样是北方国家,当它建立的时候,它的南方邻居是真正的威胁。成吉思汗只留下了2000兵马,带上其余军队进攻金国。这意味着他在入侵的时候只留下了1%到2%的部队用于防守,试问有几个国家可以做到?
至于中国,在唐朝就不得不面对西方的西藏和阿拉伯人,北部的突厥和维吾尔人,东部的高句丽和百济,以及南方对南诏的征讨。后来明朝出兵朝鲜打退日本侵犯的同时,蒙古也在西北犯边,从而使北方的满人有了宝贵的休养生息的时间。
想象一下如果中国再朝北一些会是什么样子。
Present day PRC location is most advantagedplace on Earth. Everything is within reach
- to North accessible to abundant rawmaterial of Mongolian coal, copper, cattle and its by-products, Siberiantimber, gas,. Only PRC has to maintain most friendly relationship with northernneighbors. Also PRC can exist without them too.
- to East direct access to Japan, Korea and across the Pacific toboth American continent.
- to South SEA, Australia
- to West access to Kazakh oil, CentralAsian raw materials, Muslim markets
现今中国的位置是地球上最具优势的。一切都触手可及。
向北可以得到蒙古蕴藏丰富的煤、铜、牲畜和副产品、西伯利亚的原木和天然气。中国必须与北方邻居保持友好的关系。当然没有它们中国仍然存在。
向东直取日本、朝鲜,通过太平洋到达南北美洲
向南有东南亚和澳大利亚
向西可以获得哈萨克斯的的石油、中亚的原料和穆斯林的市场。
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