“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误透视

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/12 13:23  英语辅导报

我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下,供同学们借鉴.

　　一、关系词的误用

　　1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)

　　2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)

　　3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)

　　4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)

　　简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:

　　He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指from behind the door"从门后面",并非指from the door"从门")

　　二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配

　　5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after for many years)

　　简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.

　　三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当

　　6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. (on)

　　7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)

　　简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示"在农场";7. in与way搭配,表示"用……办法,以……方式".

　　四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当

　　8. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)

　　9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)

　　10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)

　　简析:8. turn to sb. for help表示"向某人求助";9. tie与to连用,表示"拴/系到……上";10. similar与to搭配,表示"与……相似".

　　五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当

　　11. I can't remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)

　　12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)

　　简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作"年岁"解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示"时期,时代",应与in搭配.