Binswanger's disease（BD）, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE), is a type of dementia caused by widespread, microscopic areas of damage to the deep layers of white matter in the brain. White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. This disease is characterized by loss of memory and intellectual function and by changes in mood. These changes encompass what are known as executive functions of the brain. It usually presents between 54 and 66 years of age, and the first symptoms are usually mental deterioration or stroke.
Binswanger病又称皮质下白质脑病和皮质下动脉硬化性脑病（SAE），是一种小血管性痴呆，由脑白质深层广泛多发、微小受损引起。白质萎缩可由多种情况引起，包括慢性高血压和老龄。这种疾病的特点是记忆力和智力的丧失以及情绪的改变。这些变化包括所谓的大脑执行功能。它通常出现在54至66岁之间，最初的症状通常是精神状态恶化或中风。（附：CT和MRI表现为脑白质稀疏，深部脑白质出现多发微小腔隙性梗死灶。）
Based on the pathological studies, it has been suggested that there may be two types of small vessel disease that can be differentiated on brain imaging. The first involves atheroma at the origins or proximal portions of the larger (200–800 μm diameter) perforating arteries and is associated with single or a few larger lacunar infarcts without leukoaraiosis. The second involves a diffuse arteriopathy of the smaller perforating arteries, 40–200 μm in diameter, resulting in multiple smaller lacunar infarcts with leukoaraiosis such as observed in BD. While the first group is mainly associated with hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and myocardial infarction, BD seems to be mostly related to age and hypertension.
根据病理学研究，提示脑影像学上可能有两种小血管病变可以区分。第一种是在较大（直径200-800μm）的穿支动脉的起源或近端部位发生粥样硬化，并伴有单个或少数较大的腔隙性梗死，无白质疏松症。第二种是直径为40-200μm的较小穿支动脉的弥漫性动脉病变，导致多个较小的腔隙性梗死，伴白质疏松，如在BD中观察到的。而第一种主要与高胆固醇血症、糖尿病和心肌梗死有关，BD主要与年龄和高血压有关。
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