哥白尼的宇宙模型，公元1520-41年哥白尼革命的影响在哥白尼的时代，宗教还是至上的，科学家们努力发现的自然法则和原则，都源自造物主，他通过这些原则来工作。哥白尼自己也相信上帝的存在。从1543年出版到1700年左右，很少有天文学家完全相信哥白尼系统，尽管这本书相对广泛地流传（已知大约500本仍然存在，以当时的科学标准来看，这是一个很大的数字）。然而，许多天文学家以牺牲其他理论的利益为代价，接受了这个理论的某些方面，他的模型确实对后来的科学家产生了很大的影响，如伽利略和约翰内斯·开普勒，他们接受、支持、并（尤其是在开普勒的情况下）寻求改进它。伽利略对金星相位的观察为哥白尼的理论提供了第一个观测证据。哥白尼的日心宇宙论，与托勒密的地心宇宙学形成对比。日心说几乎被普遍认为是历史上最重要的科学假设之一，并且在人类知识史上具有非凡的重要性。它标志着现代天文学和现代科学的起点，它通常被称为哥白尼革命；它被认为是“科学革命”的开端。除了对科学、天文学和宇宙学的重要性外，哥白尼革命还对宗教、神学和哲学有着深远的影响。Goethe:"Of all discoveries and opinions, none may have exerted a greater effect on the human spirit than the doctrine of Copernicus. The world had scarcely become known as round and complete in itself when it was asked to waive the tremendous privilege of being the center of the universe. Never, perhaps, was a greater demand made on mankind—for, by this admission, so many things vanished in mist and smoke! What became of our Eden, our world of innocence, piety and poetry; the testimony of the senses; the conviction of a poetic—religious faith? No wonder his contemporaries did not wish to let all this go and offered every possible resistance to a doctrine which in its converts authorized and demanded a freedom of view and greatness of thought so far unknown, indeed not even dreamed of."歌德的评论：“在所有的发现和观点中，没有一个比哥白尼学说对人类精神产生更大的影响。地球刚刚被证明是完整的圆，哥白尼就要求它放弃作为宇宙中心的巨大特权。也许从来没有比人类更大的奢求了——因为，如果承认它，那么多的东西就将在烟雾中消失！我们的伊甸园，我们的天真、虔诚和诗歌的世界；感官的见证；对诗意和宗教信仰的信念？难怪他的同时代人不希望放弃这一切，对这种观念提出一切可能的反对，因为它改变了既往观念、它要求天马行空的自由和前所未空的伟大，事实上甚至没有梦见过”
哥白尼的作品· The complete works of Copernicus are collected in On the Revolutions, ed. and trans. by Edward Rosen (1978, reissued 1992), and Minor Works, ed. and trans. by Edward Rosen and Erna Hilfstein (1985, reissued 1992). Three Copernican Treatises, trans. by Edward Rosen (1971) contains, in addition, a biography and a bibliography of works on Copernicus from 1939-70.哥白尼传记· Adamczewski, Jan, and Edward J. Piszek. Nicolaus Copernicus and His Epoch. Scribner, 1974. ISBN 978-0684138398· Rosen, Edward. Copernicus and the Scientific Revolution. Malabar, FL: Krieger, 1884. ISBN 978-0898745733关于哥白尼及其作品的研究文献· Armitage, Angus. The World of Copernicus. New York, NY: Mentor Books, 1951. ISBN 0846409798· Blumenberg, Hans. The Genesis of the Copernican World. The MIT Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0262521444· Dreyer, J. L. E. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. Dover Publications, 2011. ISBN 978-0486600796· Gingrich, Owen. The Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler. Springer, 1997. ISBN 978-0883188637· Gingrich, Owen. The Book Nobody Read. Penguin Books, 2004. ISBN 0143034766· Goodman, David C., and Colin A. Russell (eds.). The Rise of Scientific Europe, 1500-1800. Dunton Green, Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder & Stoughton: The Open University, 1991. ISBN 034055861X· Hoyle, Fred. Nicolaus Copernicus: An Essay on His Life and Work. Harper & Row, 1973. ISBN 978-0060119713· Koyre, Alexander. The Astronomical Revolution. Dover Publications, 1992. ISBN 0486270955· Kuhn, Thomas. The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. ISBN 0674171004· Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0226458083· Lindberg, David C. (ed.). Science in the Middle Ages. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1978. ISBN 978-0226482330· Nebelsick, Harold P. Circles of God: Theology and Science from the Greeks to Copernicus. Scottish Academic Press, 1985. ISBN 978-0707304489· Westman, Robert S. (ed.). The Copernican Achievement. Univ of California Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0520028777网络资料参考· Armitage, Angus. The World of Copernicus. New York, NY: Mentor Books, 1951. ISBN 0846409798· https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolaus-Copernicus· https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/533458/facts-about-nicolaus-copernicus· https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/germany/top-10-facts-about-nicolaus-copernicus/· https://totallyhistory.com/nicolaus-copernicus/· https://www.space.com/15684-nicolaus-copernicus.html· https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nicolaus_Copernicus· https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history-project/big-bang/how-did-big-bang-change/a/nicolaus-copernicus-bh· http://scihi.org/nicolaus-copernicus-heliocentric/· https://www.worldhistory.org/Nicolaus_Copernicus/· https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/· https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/nicolaus-copernicus
