英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

一．

动词概述 动词概述

表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类： 类别 行为动词 及物动词 不及物动词 连系动词 助动词 例句 Love, make Go, rise Be, look Be, have, do, shall, will, did 使用特点 后跟宾语 后不跟宾语 后跟表语 本身没有词义， 后跟动词原形 或分词， 构成疑问句或否定句 等 本身有词义，后跟动词原形， 构成谓语

情态动词

Can, may, mist

注：英语行为动词也可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词是必须带宾语的动词。可以 分为两类： （1）及物动词+宾语（2）及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother bought me a gift. (可以接双宾语的词有： give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook 等 不及物动词不需要跟宾语， 本身意义完整。 有些不及物动词加上介词后变成及物性短语动词， 后跟宾语。She did not reply to my letter。 英语中接双宾语的动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信 2、双宾语易位时需借助介词 for 的常用动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌） spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物 3、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词 to 引出间接宾语，也可用介词 for 引出间接 宾语，含义相同。如 bring，play 等： Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。 He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。 4、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词 to 引出间接宾语，也可用介词 for 引出间接 宾语，含义不同。如 leave 等： They left me no food. = They left no food for me.他们没给我留一点食物。 My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me. 叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。 5、而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词 to 引出间接宾语，也不能用介词 for 引出间接 宾语。如 allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse 等： He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。 He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。 This caused me much trouble. 这给我带来了许多麻烦。 He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了 5 美元。 His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。 I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。 They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。 He refused her nothing. 她要什么他就给什么。 二． 三． 常用动词用法（见后） 常用动词用法（见后） 连系动词

系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语， 后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词 后不可接副词，接的是形容词。 大致分七种 1）状态系动词 状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） I am fine.

2）持续系动词 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度， 主要有 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词 感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 ） 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样， 变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall asleep） get, （ , go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out 表终止性结果） 7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让… ．使役动词： Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事 Have sth done 让某物被 My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed. 有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。 有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外 be 还可用作助动词。它们 的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如： Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look 用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look 用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are 用作连系动词)

They are working.他们正在工作。(are 用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 四． 助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要 动词（Main Verb）。构成时态,语态。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使 用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。 （doesn't 是助动 词，无词义；like 是主要动词，有词义) 1、助动词 be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法 助动词 （1） be 后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？ She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。 （2）be 后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。 （3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况： ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？ I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等，同 should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在 5 点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性，与情态动词 may, can 同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再 也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？ What am I to do? 我该怎么办？ 2、助动词 have(has, had, having)的用法 助动词 （1）助动词 have 可以构成完成时或完成进行时 He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。 This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。 （2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。 We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下 一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？ -No. We don't have to.不，不必了。 3、do(does, did) 的用法 （1）构成疑问句或否定句 How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。 He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。 （2）加强语气。 He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。 Do come and see us.一定来看我们。 （3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。 -You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？ -Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。 He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。 （4）用于倒装句中。 Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。 Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。 （5）构成否定的祈使句。 Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。 Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。 3.助动词 shall 和 will 的用法 助动词 shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如： I shall study harder at English. He will go to Shanghai. 说明 ： 在过去的语法中，语法学家说 shall 用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人 称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will 常用于第一人称，但 shall 只用于第一人称，如用 于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较: He shall come. He will come. 他必须来。（shall 有命令的意味。） 他要来。（will 只与动词原形构成一般将来时。） 我将更加努力地学习英语。

他要去上海。

shall 在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿 shall I turn on the light? 要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?) shall he come to see you? 他要不要来看你 (比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你) shall 用在陈述句, 与第二第三人称连用, 变为情态动词 表示允诺,命令,警告,和 说话人的决心等 4.助动词 should,would 的用法 助动词 1）should 无词义，只是 shall 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于 第一人称，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比较： "What shall I do next week?" I asked.

"我下周干什么？"我问道。（可以说，shall 变成直接引语时，变成了 should。） 2） would 也无词义，是 will 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第 二、第三人称，例如： He said he would come. 比较： "I will go," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。" 变成间接引语，就成了： He said he would come. 原来的 will 变成 would，go 变成了 come.。过去式从原来的 go 变为 came。 五． 情态动词 他说他要来。

（1）情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，因此不能单独作谓语，只能和其他的动词原形 一起构成谓语。 （2）情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带 to。 （3）情态动词不随人称变化而变。 （4）含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词 + not”构成的。 can 的用法： 的用法： 1. (表示能力、功能)能,会 The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。 June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。 2. (表示可能性)可能,可能会 I think the work can be completed ahead of time. 我认为这项工作能提前完成。 Can’t 不可能 he is in London, so you can’t see him here. 3. (表示允许、请求)可以 You can't take the book out of the room. 你不可以将这本书拿出室外。 Can I use your pen? 我可以用一下你的笔吗? 4. (表示命令)必须 If you won't keep quiet you can get out. 你如不保持安静,就请你走。 5. (表示偶然发生的可能性)有时会 It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. 那里有时容易刮风,特别在春季。 6. (表示惊讶)究竟;竟至于

What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事? could 的用法 can 的过去式； （用于虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的设想）能；可以； （表示可能性）可能； （用于婉转语气）能，可以 may 的用法 1.表示请求和允许，意思是：可以 He may come if he likes. 如果他想来，可以来 2.表示祝愿，意思是：祝…，（但愿）。 May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. 祝两国人民的友谊万古长青。 3.表示推测，意思是：可能（会），或许（会）。 It may rain this evening. You'd better take an umbrella. 今晚可能要下雨，你最好带上雨伞。 May not 可能不 it is time for lunch. He may not be at home. must 的用法 1.表“必须”。 You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。 2.在否定结构中表不许。 You mustn't leave here.你不能离开这儿。 3.表坚定的建议。 You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你得马上来看我们。 4.表推测，暗含有很大的可能性，用在肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。 注意：否定式：needn’t 表示不必要做的事。 Must not 绝对不可以，禁止 You must not smoke in the public. May I come back right now? no, you needn’t. 加动词不定式的完成式或完成进行式可以表示对过去事情的推测。 may 暗含的可能性较小。must 暗含的可能性较大。否定的猜测用 can't The baby can't be ill. He is so active.那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。 might 的用法 might 表示的可能性太小，没有足够的说服力去职责别人。 may 的过去式。 表示询问或允许或可能、推测。

表示可以做的事或可能发生的事，比 may 口气缓和。 表示现在的事情，语气较 may 弱一些，可能性更小一些。 用在表示目的等的状语从句中。用在虚拟条件句的主句中。

注意：may，might 后加动词不定式的完成式可以表示对过去的推测，认为某事在过去可能 发生，这一用法中 may 和 might 都指过去，不过 might 较 may 更含蓄或更不肯定。

should 的用法 1.should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去 将来时间。 2.should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这 时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用。例如： You should （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 3.should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟 然”， 这时也可将 should 置于从句之首， 即将 should 放在主语前面， 而省略从属连词 if. 后 接动词不定式的完成式时，表示过去的事情。肯定句中表示该做的没做；否定句中表示不该 做的发生了 If it should rain tomorrow， I wouldn't go. （= Should it rain tomorrow， I wouldn't go.） 万 一明天天下雨，我就不去了。 would 的用法 1.would 是 will 的过去式，Would you like～？ 表示请求、劝说，是很客气的说法。 Would you like a cup of tea？ 您愿意喝杯茶吗？ 2.主语+would like to～ 表示“想要……”的意思上，与…want to～意思一 样，但用此句型较客气。 I want to ask you a question. 3.最基本的虚拟语气句型: 主句用 would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 ought to 的用法 ought to 是一个可以加上 to 的情态动词其意思与 should 是一样的,但是 ought to 不能用于 虚拟语气中表示推测,而 should 可以 ought to 与 should 意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是 should 谈的是自己的主观 看法，ought to 则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。后接动词不定式的

完成时，如用肯定结构，表示过去某事该做而未做；如否定结构，则表示过去不该做的事情 发生了。 此用法相当于 should （not）have done 结构。 如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． She is your mother, so you ought to support her． We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will have to 的用法 后接动词原形，表示“不得不，必须”的意思，它比 must 更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做” 的意思。 dare 的用法 表示“敢于”，过去式是 dared。 除在“I dare say……”这种结构中，dare 极少用于肯定句中，常用在否定句、疑问句及条件句 中。常和动词不定式连用，但不带 to need 的用法 表示“需要”，用于否定句和疑问句中，和不定式连用。 句型：need to be done/doing（主动表被动） need 后面有名词或动名词作宾语时，need 是实义动词，但后接动名词的句子相当于被动语 态。 shall 的用法 主要用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。 used to 的用法 后接动词原形，表示以前常发生的动作，但现在不是这样了，通常用于肯定句中。 句型：be used to，后接动名词或名词，表示“习惯……”。 情态动词句型 （1）表示对现在情况的推测（情态动词 + v.） 肯定：must/may/might + be/do/be doing 否定：can/could + not + be/do/be doing 问：Can/Could + sb. + be/do/be doing 疑

He must playing football in the playground because it is Sunday today. (2)表示对过去情况的推测（情态动词 + have done） 肯定：must/may/might + have been 否定：can/could + not + have been/done 疑问：Can/Could + sb. + have been/have done 注意：表示推测（可能性从大到小）：must，can，could，may，might。 They might have finished the work by now. Exercises:(A) 1. _______ everyone here today? A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am 2. Harry is older than I. But he _______ younger than I. A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking 3. It _______ like the singing of the birds. A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes 4. This kind of cake tastes _______. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 5. The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 6. This kind of paper _______ nice. A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 7. This math problem is _______ and I can do it _______. A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy 8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 9. In winter the days _______ colder and colder. A. gets B. getting C. got D. get 10. He _______ pale at the thought. A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed (B) 1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening. 2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in. 3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago. 4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days. 5.Look!The boy________(play) football on the playground. 6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years. 7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water. 8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions? 9.Don’t forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out. 10.Please let the girls _____(go) first. 11.They had great fun ________(play) football this afternoon.

12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV? 13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea? 14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow. 15.Would you mind my _____(open) the door? 16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly 17.I’ll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow. 18.He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years. 19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street. 20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with my English. (C) 1. Mr Wang ____ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t 2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? --No, you ______. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not 3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? --Sorry, I can’t. I ____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw 6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad? --No, you ______. You must finish your homework first. A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t 7. -Where is Jack, please ? --He ____ be in the reading room. A. can B. need C. would D. must A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t 8. -Mum, may I watch TV now? --Sure, but you _____ help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _____ speak it after calss. A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t 10. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may 11. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it _____ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need 12. It’s still early. You ______. A.mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry 13. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 15. ___ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must 16. I _____ like to know where you were born. A. shall B. should C. do D. may 17. ______ you be happy! A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May 18. Teachers and students _____ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts. A. must B. can C. may D. should 19. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You _____ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may 20. -There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there. --Really? It _____ be a fire, most probably. A. can B. ought to C. may D. must 21. -Shall I tell John about the bad news? --No, you _____. I think that will make him sad. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 22. -Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be? --It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may

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